ArticleThe European respiratory journal2013
Aetiology of paediatric pneumonia after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
Article in The European respiratory journal, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of pneumonia features in children caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other viral respiratory pathogens.Pediatric pulmonology · 2022Article
- Macrolides (alone or in combination) should be used as first-line empirical therapy of community-acquired pneumonia in children: myth or maxim?Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2021Article
- Article
- Comprehensive Description of Pathogens and Antibiotic Treatment Guidance in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia Using Combined Mass Spectrometry Methods.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Antibiotic Use and Outcomes in Children in the Emergency Department With Suspected Pneumonia.Pediatrics · 2020Article
- Blood biomarkers differentiating viral versus bacterial pneumonia aetiology: a literature review.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2020Review
- Surveillance of respiratory viruses among children attending a primary school in rural coastal Kenya.Wellcome open research · 2020Article
- Bacterial pneumonia and its associated factors in children from a developing country: A prospective cohort study.PloS one · 2020Article
- Childhood community-acquired pneumonia: A review of etiology- and antimicrobial treatment studies.Paediatric respiratory reviews · 2018Review
- Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children: the Challenges of Microbiological Diagnosis.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2018Review
- Necrotizing pneumonia: an emerging problem in children?Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2017Review
- Child pneumonia - focus on the Western Pacific Region.Paediatric respiratory reviews · 2017Review
- Is the role of rhinoviruses as causative agents of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia over-estimated?European journal of pediatrics · 2016Article
- Pneumococcal aetiology and serotype distribution in paediatric community-acquired pneumonia.PloS one · 2014Observational
- Accuracy of the interpretation of chest radiographs for the diagnosis of paediatric pneumonia.PloS one · 2014Article
- Challenges of Empirical Antibiotic Therapy for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimentalReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We describe the aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children before and after the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV) programme in 2006. Prospective studies were conducted in 2001-2002 (pre-vaccine) and 2009-2011 (post-vaccine) of children aged 0-16 years with radiologically confirmed pneumonia seen in hospital. Investigations included culture, serology, immunofluorescence antibody and urine antigen testing, with an increased use of PCR assays and expanded panels of pathogens in the post-vaccine study. 241 and 160 children were enrolled in the pre- and post-vaccine studies, respectively (73% aged <5 years). Identification of a causative pathogen was higher post-vaccination (61%) than pre-vaccination (48.5%) (p=0.019). Rates of bacterial infections were not different between post- and pre-vaccine studies (17.5% versus 24%, p=0.258). Viral (31%) and mixed (12.5%) infections were found more often post-vaccination (19.5%, p=0.021) than pre-vaccination (5%, p=0.015). Rates of identified pneumococcal infections were comparable between pre- and post-vaccine studies (14.7% versus 17.4%, p=0.557). Diagnosis of pneumococcal infection post-vaccination improved when PCR was used compared to culture (21.6% versus 6%, p=0.0004). Serotypes included in PCV13 but not PCV7 were identified in 75% (18 out of 24) post-vaccination. Infection with nonvaccine pneumococcal serotypes continues to be a significant cause of pneumonia in children in the UK.
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