ArticleJournal of virology2013
Simultaneous neutralization and innate immune detection of a replicating virus by TRIM21.
Article in Journal of virology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Innate Lymphoid Cells Activation and Transcriptomic Changes in Response to Human Dengue Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Redirecting TRIM21 with TRIMTACs for the targeted degradation of multimeric proteins.The FEBS journal · 2026Review
- TRIM21 is a molecular rheostat for influenza A virus replication.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Survival benefits of immunotherapy combined with chemoradiotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: an analysis based on data from the SEER database.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2026Article
- TRIM21 and Fc-engineered antibodies: decoding its complex antibody binding mode with implications for viral neutralization.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- TRIM21 Promotes Rabies Virus Production by Degrading IRF7 through Ubiquitination.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Multiple Roles of TRIM21 in Virus Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Anti-L1 antibody-bound HPV16 pseudovirus is degraded intracellularly via TRIM21/proteasomal pathway.Virology journal · 2022Article
- Grouper TRIM23 exerts antiviral activity against iridovirus and nodavirus.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- How Viruses Use the VCP/p97 ATPase Molecular Machine.Viruses · 2021Review
- Ehrlichia chaffeensis Outer Membrane Protein 1-Specific Human Antibody-Mediated Immunity Is Defined by Intracellular TRIM21-Dependent Innate Immune Activation and Extracellular Neutralization.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Enhancement of Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Gene Therapy Using Hydroxychloroquine in Murine and Human Tissues.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2019Article
- Autoantibodies against the Immunoglobulin-Binding Region of Ro52 Link its Autoantigenicity with Pathogen Neutralization.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- TRIM21 Restricts Coxsackievirus B3 Replication, Cardiac and Pancreatic Injury via Interacting With MAVS and Positively Regulating IRF3-Mediated Type-I Interferon Production.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Intracellular Antiviral Immunity.Advances in virus research · 2018Review
- Cytosolic Internalization of Anti-DNA Antibodies by Human Monocytes Induces Production of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Independently of the Tripartite Motif-Containing 21 (TRIM21)-Mediated Pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- The TRIMendous Role of TRIMs in Virus-Host Interactions.Vaccines · 2017Review
- Coordinated Neutralization and Immune Activation by the Cytosolic Antibody Receptor TRIM21.Journal of virology · 2016Review
- TRIM21: a cytosolic Fc receptor with broad antibody isotype specificity.Immunological reviews · 2015Review
- TRIM21 Promotes cGAS and RIG-I Sensing of Viral Genomes during Infection by Antibody-Opsonized Virus.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21) is a cytosolic immunoglobulin receptor that mediates antibody-dependent intracellular neutralization (ADIN). Here we show that TRIM21 potently inhibits the spreading infection of a replicating cytopathic virus and activates innate immunity. We used a quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based assay to measure in vitro replication of mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1), a virus that causes dose-dependent hemorrhagic encephalitis in mice. Using this assay, we show that genetic ablation of TRIM21 or chemical inhibition of either the AAA ATPase p97/valosin-containing protein (VCP) or the proteasome results in a >1,000-fold increase in the relative level of infection in the presence of immune serum. Moreover, the TRIM21-mediated ability of antisera to block replication was a consistent feature of the humoral immune response in immunized mice. In the presence of immune sera and upon infection, TRIM21 also activates a proinflammatory response, resulting in secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). These results demonstrate that TRIM21 provides a potent block to spreading infection and induces an antiviral state.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.