ArticleMycopathologia2013
Increase in resistance to fluconazole and itraconazole in Trichophyton rubrum clinical isolates by sequential passages in vitro under drug pressure.
Article in Mycopathologia, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Mechanisms of resistance against allylamine and azole antifungals in Trichophyton: A renewed call for innovative molecular diagnostics in susceptibility testing.PLoS pathogens · 2025Review
- Clinical and Microbiological Spectrum of Dermatophytosis From a Tertiary Care Institute.Cureus · 2025Article
- Dermatophytes: Update on Clinical Epidemiology and Treatment.Mycopathologia · 2024Review
- Dermatophyte Infections Worldwide: Increase in Incidence and Associated Antifungal Resistance.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Comparison of in vitro activities of newer triazoles and classic antifungal agents against dermatophyte species isolated from Iranian University Hospitals: a multi-central study.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2023Article
- The in vitro Activity of Echinocandins Against ClinicalInfection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Article
- Regional Differences in Antifungal Susceptibility of the Prevalent Dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum.Mycopathologia · 2021Article
- Mutation in the Squalene Epoxidase Gene of Trichophyton interdigitale and Trichophyton rubrum Associated with Allylamine Resistance.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Onychomycosis in diabetic patients in Fako Division of Cameroon: prevalence, causative agents, associated factors and antifungal sensitivity patterns.BMC research notes · 2016Article
- Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with dermatophytoses in two HIV-1 positive patients in rural Tanzania: a case report.BMC infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Mating Type Gene (MAT) and Itraconazole Susceptibility of Trichophyton tonsurans Strains Isolated in Japan.Mycopathologia · 2016Article
- In Vivo Synergy of Amphotericin B plus Posaconazole in Murine Aspergillosis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2016Article
- Antifungal mode of action of macrocarpal C extracted from Eucalyptus globulus Labill (Lan An) towards the dermatophyte Trichophyton mentagrophytes.Chinese medicine · 2015Article
- Resistance to antifungals that target CYP51.Journal of chemical biology · 2014Review
- Potential of Ergosterol synthesis inhibitors to cause resistance or cross-resistance in Trichophyton rubrum.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2014Article
- Topical Itraconazole Formulations: Unscrupulous Pharmaceutical Companies and Lax Indian Drug Regulators Endangering a Precious Drug.Indian dermatology online journalArticle
- Antifungal Drug Susceptibility Testing of Dermatophytes: Laboratory Findings to Clinical Implications.Indian dermatology online journalArticle
- The menace of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis in India: Is the problem deeper than we perceive?Indian dermatology online journalArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Trichophyton rubrum, an anthropophilic dermatophyte fungus, is the predominant causative agent of superficial skin infections in human population. There are only scanty reports on drug susceptibility profiling of T. rubrum. Neither mechanisms for drug resistance development nor correlation between in vitro drug susceptibility and in vivo response to treatment is known for that species. In this study, changes in the in vitro susceptibilities to fluconazole (FLZ) and itraconazole (ITZ) among thirty T. rubrum clinical strains subjected to sequential passages in the presence or absence of the azoles were investigated. Each strain was passaged 12 times at 4-week intervals as three parallel cultures, maintained on a drug-free medium (1), and a medium containing FLZ (2) or ITZ (3) at subinhibitory concentrations. Susceptibility to FLZ and ITZ of the original strain and its 3 subcultures was determined by microdilution method. The MIC values of the two azoles remained unaltered for all T. rubrum strains tested, after 12 passages on a drug-free medium. Among the strains grown with FLZ, an increase in the MICs of FLZ and ITZ was noted in 17 (56.7 %) and 19 (63.3 %) strains, respectively. Increased MICs of ITZ and FLZ were demonstrated for 24 (80 %) and 20 (66.7 %) strains that were propagated with ITZ. The results indicate the capacity of T. rubrum to develop resistance toward the azoles after prolonged exposure to these drugs. Resistance of T. rubrum to azoles plays an important role in therapy failures and consequently contributes to persistence and chronicity of the infections.
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