ReviewBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2014
Electroencephalography and analgesics.
Review in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- EEG-Derived Pain Threshold Index-Guided Remifentanil Titration During Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Trial.Journal of pain research · 2026Trial
- Influence of tapentadol and oxycodone on the spinal cord and brain using electrophysiology: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Trial
- The Effect of Improving Preoperative Sleep Quality on Perioperative Pain by Zolpidem in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized Study.Pain research & management · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Venlafaxine and oxycodone have different effects on spinal and supraspinal activity in man: a somatosensory evoked potential study.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2017Trial
- Single-sweep spectral analysis of contact heat evoked potentials: a novel approach to identify altered cortical processing after morphine treatment.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2015Trial
- Green light exposure reduces central sensitization in cats with osteoarthritis-associated somatosensory impairment.iScience · 2026Article
- Brainwaves under medication: revealing class-specific neural signatures of psychotropic medication from 24,000 EEGs.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Electroencephalographic Patterns Associated with the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of GABAergic Agents, Opioids, and Ketamine During General Anesthesia: A Systematic Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Supraphysiological Doses of Vitamin A Promote Changes in Hippocampal Oscillation Bands and Cardiac Activity in Wistar Rats.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Uncovering putative neural mechanisms of neurotherapeutic impacts on EEG using the Human Neocortical Neurosolver.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Impact of antibiotic-induced gut microbiota modulation on morphine analgesia, tolerance, withdrawal, and neurophysiological changes in mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- pBIC in analgesia management: sensitivity vs. specificity.Journal of anesthesia · 2025Article
- Electroencephalogram monitoring during anesthesia and critical care: a guide for the clinician.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2025Review
- A home-based EEG neurofeedback treatment for chronic neuropathic pain-a pilot study.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Electroencephalography Longitudinal Markers of Central Neuropathic Pain Intensity in Spinal Cord Injury: A Home-Based Pilot Study.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Substance-dependent EEG during recovery from anesthesia and optimization of monitoring.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2024Article
- [Processed EEG for personalized dosing of anesthetics during general anesthesia].Die Anaesthesiologie · 2023Review
- A Study of Brain Function Characteristics of Service Members at High Risk for Accidents in the Military.Brain sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To assess centrally mediated analgesic mechanisms in clinical trials with pain patients, objective standardized methods such as electroencephalography (EEG) has many advantages. The aim of this review is to provide the reader with an overview of present findings in analgesics assessed with spontaneous EEG and evoked brain potentials (EPs) in humans. Furthermore, EEG methodologies will be discussed with respect to translation from animals to humans and future perspectives in predicting analgesic efficacy. We searched PubMed with MeSH terms 'analgesics', 'electroencephalography' and 'evoked potentials' for relevant articles. Combined with a search in their reference lists 15 articles on spontaneous EEG and 55 papers on EPs were identified. Overall, opioids produced increased activity in the delta band in the spontaneous EEG, but increases in higher frequency bands were also seen. The EP amplitudes decreased in the majority of studies. Anticonvulsants used as analgesics showed inconsistent results. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine showed an increase in the theta band in spontaneous EEG and decreases in EP amplitudes. Tricyclic antidepressants increased the activity in the delta, theta and beta bands in the spontaneous EEG while EPs were inconsistently affected. Weak analgesics were mainly investigated with EPs and a decrease in amplitudes was generally observed. This review reveals that both spontaneous EEG and EPs are widely used as biomarkers for analgesic drug effects. Methodological differences are common and a more uniform approach will further enhance the value of such biomarkers for drug development and prediction of treatment response in individual patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.