Trial reportPloS one2013
Head-to-head comparison of humoral immune responses to Vi capsular polysaccharide and Salmonella Typhi Ty21a typhoid vaccines--a randomized trial.
Trial report in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- IgA and IgG1 Specific to Vi Polysaccharide ofFrontiers in immunology · 2019Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of a Vi-DT typhoid conjugate vaccine: Phase I trial in Healthy Filipino adults and children.Vaccine · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Using a Human Challenge Model of Infection to Measure Vaccine Efficacy: A Randomised, Controlled Trial Comparing the Typhoid Vaccines M01ZH09 with Placebo and Ty21a.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Trial
- Intranasal immunization of mice with chimera of Salmonella Typhi protein elicits protective intestinal immunity.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- The use of controlled human infection models to identify correlates of protection for invasiveFrontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Phage-resistance alters Lipid A reactogenicity: a new strategy for LPS-based conjugate vaccines againstFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- A TLR4 ligand-based adjuvant for promoting the immunogenicity of typhoid subunit vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Role of cellular effectors in the induction and maintenance of IgA responses leading to protective immunity against enteric bacterial pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- TLR4 Ligands in Typhoid Vi Polysaccharide Subunit Vaccines Contribute to Immunogenicity.ImmunoHorizons · 2024Article
- Plasma cells are not restricted to the CD27+ phenotype: characterization of CD27-CD43+ antibody-secreting cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The Lack of Natural IgM Increases Susceptibility and Impairs Anti-Vi Polysaccharide IgG Responses in a Mouse Model of Typhoid.ImmunoHorizons · 2022Article
- Vi-Vaccinations Induce Heterogeneous Plasma Cell Responses That Associate With Protection From Typhoid Fever.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- An Unmutated IgM Response to the Vi Polysaccharide ofJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2018Article
- Periplasmic depolymerase provides insight into ABC transporter-dependent secretion of bacterial capsular polysaccharides.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- Vaccination against Salmonella Infection: the Mucosal Way.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2017Review
- An evaluation of purified Salmonella Typhi protein antigens for the serological diagnosis of acute typhoid fever.The Journal of infection · 2017Article
- Shigella Vaccine Development: Finding the Path of Least Resistance.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2016Article
- Serum bactericidal assay for the evaluation of typhoid vaccine using a semi-automated colony-counting method.Microbial pathogenesis · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe two typhoid vaccines, the parenteral Vi capsular polysaccharide and the oral live whole-cell Salmonella Typhi Ty21a vaccine, provide similar levels of protection in field trials. Sharing no antigens, they are thought to confer protection by different mechanisms. This is the first head-to-head study to compare the humoral immune responses to these two vaccines.
methods50 age- and gender-matched volunteers were immunized, 25 with the Vi and 25 with the Ty21a vaccine. Circulating plasmablasts reactive with whole-cell Salmonella Typhi or one of the typhoidal antigenic structures, Vi, O-9,12, and H-d antigens, were identified as antibody-secreting cells (ASC) with ELISPOT. Homing receptor (HR) expressions were determined. These results were compared with ASC in four patients with typhoid fever. Antibodies to S. Typhi lipopolysaccharides were assessed in cultures of ALS (antibodies in lymphocyte supernatants) and in serum with ELISA.
resultsIn 49 out of 50 vaccinees, no typhoid-specific plasmablasts were seen before vaccination. On day 7, response to Vi antigen was mounted in 24/25 volunteers in the Vi, and none in the Ty21a group; response to S. Typhi and O-9,12 was mounted in 49/50 vaccinees; and to H-d in 3/50. The numbers of typhoid-specific plasmablasts (total of ASC to Vi, O-9,12 and H-d antigens) proved equal in the vaccination groups. The HR expressions indicated a mainly systemic homing in the Vi and intestinal in the Ty21a group, the latter resembling that in natural infection. Plasmablasts proved more sensitive than serum and ALS in assessing the immune response.
conclusionsThe typhoid-specific humoral responses to Vi and Ty21a vaccines are similar in magnitude, but differ in expected localization and antigen-specificity. The unforeseen O antigen-specific response in the Vi group is probably due to lipopolysaccharide contaminating the vaccine preparation. Only the response to Ty21a vaccine was found to imitate that in natural infection.
trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials Ltd. c/o BioMed Central ISRCTN68125331.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.