ArticlePloS one2013
Cost of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder diagnosis in Canada.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prevalence and associated factors of alcohol consumption among pregnant women in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Neurodevelopmental profile of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A systematic review.BMC psychology · 2017Pooled it
- Cost of speech-language interventions for children and youth with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder in Canada.International journal of speech-language pathology · 2014Pooled it
- A Pilot RCT of an Internet Intervention to Reduce the Risk of Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancy.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2018Trial
- A Population-Based Study on Women Who Used Alcohol during Pregnancy and Their Neonates in Ontario, Canada.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Technologies for Supporting Individuals and Caregivers Living With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Scoping Review.JMIR mental health · 2024Article
- Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder diagnostic clinic capacity in Canadian Provinces and territories.PloS one · 2024Article
- Understanding the Relationship between Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and Criminal Justice: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Alcohol's Impact on the Fetus.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Individual and community-level predictors of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia: a multilevel logistic regression analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Article
- The cost-effectiveness of screening tools used in the diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a modelled analysis.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Detection of Children/Youth With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Through Eye Movement, Psychometric, and Neuroimaging Data.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Article
- Maternal Behavioral Health: Fertile Ground for Behavior Analysis.Perspectives on behavior science · 2018Article
- Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Zebrafish in the analysis of the milder and more prevalent form of the disease.Behavioural brain research · 2018Review
- Societal costs of fetal alcohol syndrome in Sweden.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2017Article
- Special Education of Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.Exceptionality · 2016Article
- Fetal alcohol and the right to be born healthy….Frontiers in genetics · 2014Article
- Exploring the complexity of intellectual disability in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2014Review
- Canadian Children and Youth in Care: The Cost of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.Child & youth care forum · 2014Article
- Cost of specialized addiction treatment of clients with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in Canada.BMC public health · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is underdiagnosed in Canada. The diagnosis of FASD is not simple and currently, the recommendation is that a comprehensive, multidisciplinary assessment of the individual be done. The purpose of this study was to estimate the annual cost of FASD diagnosis on Canadian society.
methodsThe diagnostic process breakdown was based on recommendations from the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Canadian Guidelines for Diagnosis. The per person cost of diagnosis was calculated based on the number of hours (estimated based on expert opinion) required by each specialist involved in the diagnostic process. The average rate per hour for each respective specialist was estimated based on hourly costs across Canada. Based on the existing clinical capacity of all FASD multidisciplinary clinics in Canada, obtained from the 2005 and 2011 surveys conducted by the Canada Northwest FASD Research Network, the number of FASD cases diagnosed per year in Canada was estimated. The per person cost of FASD diagnosis was then applied to the number of cases diagnosed per year in Canada in order to calculated the overall annual cost.
resultsUsing the most conservative approach, it was estimated that an FASD evaluation requires 32 to 47 hours for one individual to be screened, referred, admitted, and diagnosed with an FASD diagnosis, which results in a total cost of $3,110 to $4,570 per person. The total cost of FASD diagnostic services in Canada ranges from $3.6 to $5.2 million (lower estimate), up to $5.0 to $7.3 million (upper estimate) per year. DISCUSSION: As a result of using the most conservative approach, the cost of FASD diagnostic services presented in the current study is most likely underestimated. The reasons for this likelihood and the limitations of the study are discussed.
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