ArticleChinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu2013
Autophagy inhibition enhances apigenin-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells.
Article in Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated bioinformatics, machine learning, and experimental validation identify a four-gene diagnostic signature for cervical cancer associated with PI3K/AKT signaling.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Unveiling the anti-cancer properties of apigenin via targeting different molecular signatures: A Review.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Differential Effects of Apigenin on Normal and Squamous Oral Epithelial Cells Reveal Redox-Autophagy Signaling Vulnerabilities in OSCC.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Chemopreventive Agents from Nature: A Review of Apigenin, Rosmarinic Acid, and Thymoquinone.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- The Antioxidant Potential and Anticancer Activity ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Apigenin: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential against Cancer Spreading.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Resources for Human Health from the Plant Kingdom: The Potential Role of the Flavonoid Apigenin in Cancer Counteraction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A comprehensive view on the apigenin impact on colorectal cancer: Focusing on cellular and molecular mechanisms.Food science & nutrition · 2023Review
- Tailoring Potential Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Luminal Breast Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Evidence of Flavonoids on Disease Prevention.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Integrated single cell and bulk sequencing analysis identifies tumor reactive CXCR6Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- The Potential Role of Apigenin in Cancer Prevention and Treatment.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Role of Induced Programmed Cell Death in the Chemopreventive Potential of Apigenin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Antimicrobial activity, in vitro anticancer effect (MCF-7 breast cancer cell line), antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory potentials of Populus nigra L. buds extract.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2022Article
- Formulation of Chitosan-Coated Apigenin Bilosomes: In Vitro Characterization, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxicity Assessment.Polymers · 2022Article
- Development and Optimization of Hybrid Polymeric Nanoparticles of Apigenin: Physicochemical Characterization, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity Evaluation.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Influence of Olive Oil and Its Components on Breast Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Role of Phytonutrients in Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics Perspective in Curing Breast Cancer.Biomolecules · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is a member of the flavone subclass of flavonoids present in fruits and vegetables. The involvement of autophagy in the apigenin-induced apoptotic death of human breast cancer cells was investigated. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and clonogenic assays. Flow cytometry, fluorescent staining and Western blot analysis were employed to detect apoptosis and autophagy, and the role of autophagy was assessed using autophagy inhibitors. Apigenin dose- and time-dependently repressed the proliferation and clonogenic survival of the human breast cancer T47D and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. The death of T47D and MDA-MB-231 cells was due to apoptosis associated with increased levels of Caspase3, PARP cleavage and Bax/Bcl-2 ratios. The results from flow cytometry and fluorescent staining also verified the occurrence of apoptosis. In addition, the apigenin-treated cells exhibited autophagy, as characterized by the appearance of autophagosomes under fluorescence microscopy and the accumulation of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the results of the Western blot analysis revealed that the level of LC3-II, the processed form of LC3-I, was increased. Treatment with the autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), significantly enhanced the apoptosis induced by apigenin, which was accompanied by an increase in the level of PARP cleavage. Similar results were also confirmed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. These results indicate that apigenin has apoptosis- and autophagy-inducing effects in breast cancer cells. Autophagy plays a cyto-protective role in apigenin-induced apoptosis, and the combination of apigenin and an autophagy inhibitor may be a promising strategy for breast cancer control.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.