When 'digoxin use' is not the same as 'digoxin use': lessons from the AFFIRM trial.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

1. Safety and efficacy of digoxin: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational and controlled trial data.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2015
   Pooled it
2. Modelling anticoagulation and health-related quality of life in those with atrial fibrillation: a secondary analysis of AFFIRM.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2024
   Trial
3. Digoxin Use and Subsequent Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation With or Without Heart Failure in the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2017
   Trial
4. Reconsidering Digoxin in Atrial Fibrillation: From Historical Controversy to Physiologically Guided and Personalized Rate Control.Biomedicines · 2025
   Review
5. Evaluating the Prognostic Value of the Modified HCardiology research · 2024
   Article
6. [Approaches to atrial fibrillation with tachycardia transition].Herzschrittmachertherapie & Elektrophysiologie · 2020
   Review
7. Chronic digitalis therapy in patients before heart transplantation is an independent risk factor for increased posttransplant mortality.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2017
   Article
8. Beta-blockers or Digoxin for Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure?Cardiac failure review · 2016
   Article
9. Digoxin: A systematic review in atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure and post myocardial infarction.World journal of cardiology · 2015
   Article
10. Opposing conclusions from post hoc analyses of the AFFIRM trial: was propensity score analysis to blame or just an innocent victim?Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2014
    Article
11. Comparison between ivabradine and low-dose digoxin in the therapy of diastolic heart failure with preserved left ventricular systolic function.Clinics and practice · 2013
    Article

Corrections and comments

• Comment on
  Increased mortality among patients taking digoxin--analysis from the AFFIRM study.2013
• Comment on
  Lack of evidence of increased mortality among patients with atrial fibrillation taking digoxin: findings from post hoc propensity-matched analysis of the AFFIRM trial.2013

Authors and funding

1 author.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as