ArticleThe international journal of neuropsychopharmacology2013
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and α 2 adrenergic receptors mediate heroin withdrawal-potentiated startle in rats.
Article in The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Negative affective states are not detected in rats following an intravenous self-administration regimen leading to incubation of oxycodone craving.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Escalation of intravenous fentanyl self-administration and assessment of withdrawal behavior in male and female mice.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Advances in the characterization of negative affect caused by acute and protracted opioid withdrawal using animal models.Neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- Cross-talk between the HPA axis and addiction-related regions in stressful situations.Heliyon · 2023Review
- Drug addiction co-morbidity with alcohol: Neurobiological insights.International review of neurobiology · 2021Review
- Multigenerational and transgenerational effects of paternal exposure to drugs of abuse on behavioral and neural function.The European journal of neuroscience · 2019Review
- Male and female mice develop escalation of heroin intake and dependence following extended access.Neuropharmacology · 2019Article
- Article
- Compulsive-Like Sufentanil Vapor Self-Administration in Rats.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2018Article
- Probing for Neuroadaptations to Unpredictable Stressors in Addiction: Translational Methods and Emerging Evidence.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2017Review
- Localization of the delta opioid receptor and corticotropin-releasing factor in the amygdalar complex: role in anxiety.Brain structure & function · 2017Article
- Substance use modulates stress reactivity: Behavioral and physiological outcomes.Physiology & behavior · 2016Review
- Effects of oxytocin on background anxiety in rats with high or low baseline startle.Psychopharmacology · 2016Article
- Emerging targets for addiction neuropharmacology: From mechanisms to therapeutics.Progress in brain research · 2016Review
- The Human BNST: Functional Role in Anxiety and Addiction.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2016Review
- Chronic CRF1 receptor blockade reduces heroin intake escalation and dependence-induced hyperalgesia.Addiction biology · 2015Article
- Corticotropin releasing factor: a key role in the neurobiology of addiction.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2014Review
- Affective and neuroendocrine effects of withdrawal from chronic, long-acting opiate administration.Brain research · 2013Article
- Clonidine suppresses the induction of long-term potentiation by inhibiting HCN channels at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapse in anesthetized adult rats.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2013Article
- Elevated Norepinephrine may be a Unifying Etiological Factor in the Abuse of a Broad Range of Substances: Alcohol, Nicotine, Marijuana, Heroin, Cocaine, and Caffeine.Substance abuse : research and treatment · 2013Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Anxiety is one of the early symptoms of opioid withdrawal and contributes to continued drug use and relapse. The acoustic startle response (ASR) is a component of anxiety that has been shown to increase during opioid withdrawal in both humans and animals. We investigated the role of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and norepinephrine (NE), two key mediators of the brain stress system, on acute heroin withdrawal-potentiated ASR. Rats injected with heroin (2 mg/kg s.c.) displayed an increased ASR when tested 4 h after heroin treatment. A similar increase in ASR was found in rats 10-20 h into withdrawal from extended access (12 h) to i.v. heroin self-administration, a model that captures several aspects of heroin addiction in humans. Both the α 2 adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine (10 μg/kg s.c.) and CRF1 receptor antagonist N,N-bis(2-methoxyethyl)-3-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidin-7-amine (MPZP; 20 mg/kg s.c.) blocked heroin withdrawal-potentiated startle. To investigate the relationship between CRF1 and α 2 adrenergic receptors in the potentiation of the ASR, we tested the effect of MPZP on yohimbine (1.25 mg/kg s.c.)-potentiated startle and clonidine on CRF (2 μg i.c.v.)-potentiated startle. Clonidine blocked CRF-potentiated startle, whereas MPZP partially attenuated but did not reverse yohimbine-potentiated startle, suggesting that CRF may drive NE release to potentiate startle. These results suggest that CRF1 and α 2 receptors play an important role in the heightened anxiety-like behaviour observed during acute withdrawal from heroin, possibly via CRF inducing the release of NE in stress-related brain regions.
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