Trial reportAIDS research and human retroviruses2013
Persistently elevated serum interleukin-6 predicts mortality among adults receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in Botswana: results from a clinical trial.
Trial report in AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02975258 (Adiposity and Airway Inflammation in HIV-Associated Airway Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Adiposity and Airway Inflammation in HIV-Associated Airway Disease
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decreased Lung Function and All-Cause Mortality in HIV-infected Individuals.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2018Trial
- Persistently Elevated C-Reactive Protein Level in the First Year of Antiretroviral Therapy, Despite Virologic Suppression, Is Associated With HIV Disease Progression in Resource-Constrained Settings.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Trial
- P-Selectin and Platelet-Monocyte Interaction in Inflammation: Mechanisms, Hypothesis, and Open Questions.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Impact of the first-line antiretroviral therapy on soluble markers of inflammation in cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Moroccan patients: a prospective study.Archives of microbiology · 2023Article
- Roles of Interleukin-6-mediated immunometabolic reprogramming in COVID-19 and other viral infection-associated diseases.International immunopharmacology · 2022Review
- Increased Platelet-CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Article
- Intracellular Tenofovir and Emtricitabine Concentrations in Younger and Older Women with HIV Receiving Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Article
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Elevated in HIV and Associated With Interleukin-6.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2020Article
- Inflammatory Biomarkers and Carotid Thickness in HIV Infected Patients under Antiretroviral Therapy, Undetectable HIV-1 Viral Load, and Low Cardiovascular Risk.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2020Article
- Interleukin-6 is associated with mortality and neuropsychiatric outcomes in antiretroviral-naïve adults in Rakai, Uganda.Journal of neurovirology · 2019Observational
- Platelet function in HIV plus dengue coinfection associates with reduced inflammation and milder dengue illness.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Persistent platelet activation and apoptosis in virologically suppressed HIV-infected individuals.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- The Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Response and the Role of Macrophages in HIV-Induced Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Differential Mechanisms of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction by HIV-1 Subtype-B and Recombinant CRF02_AG Tat Proteins on Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells: Implications for Viral Neuropathogenesis.Molecular neurobiology · 2018Article
- Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Pathophysiology of Dysglycemia among People Living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of diabetes research · 2018Review
- Platelets in Immune Response to Virus and Immunopathology of Viral Infections.Frontiers in medicine · 2018Review
- Unique microRNA expression in the colonic mucosa during chronic HIV-1 infection.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Article
- HIV and Obesity Comorbidity Increase Interleukin 6 but Not Soluble CD14 or D-Dimer.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Observational
- Country of residence is associated with distinct inflammatory biomarker signatures in HIV-infected patients.Journal of virus eradication · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Elevated serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers have been associated with increased mortality and morbidity among HIV-infected individuals receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in European and U.S. cohorts. Few similar data are available from sub-Saharan Africa, where most cART-treated adults reside and the prevalence of advanced immunosuppression and opportunistic infections (OIs) at cART initiation is higher. This was a retrospective nested case-control analysis of clinical trial data from the completed Adult Antiretroviral Treatment and Drug Resistance ("Tshepo") study, 2002-2007, Gaborone, Botswana. We measured pretreatment serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and D-dimer in stored plasma samples from 32 deceased participants (cases) and 64 survivors (controls), matched for age, sex, baseline CD4(+) cell count, and plasma HIV-1 RNA. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses were used to compare inflammatory biomarker levels, adjusting for pretreatment body mass index (BMI) and the presence of OIs. A total of 37 (5.7%) of 650 patients died on study, for a crude mortality rate of 20.6/1,000 person-years. Of 37 (86%) study participants who died on study 32 were included in this analysis. Causes of death (n=32) included non-AIDS-defining events (31.3%), HIV-related OIs (28.1%), cART/toxicity-related (21.9%), other infectious etiologies (15.6%), and unknown (3.1%). Median time to death was 31 weeks [interquartile range (IQR) 14-64]. Median baseline levels of all three biomarkers were higher in cases compared to matched controls. After adjusting for BMI and the presence of OIs, only baseline and most recent (near time of event) levels of IL-6 remained as significant predictors of all-cause mortality [adjusted OR (aOR)=1.25, 95% CI (1.05-1.48); p=0.012; and aOR=1.48 (1.05-2.09); p=0.027, respectively]. Serum IL-6 levels are important predictors of all-cause mortality in this adult urban sub-Saharan African cART-treated population. Future translational studies are warranted to better elucidate pathophysiology and inform the design of novel interventions to ameliorate the risk of death among these "at-risk" individuals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.