ArticleInfection and immunity2013
Regulatory actions of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 in Leishmania donovani infection in the liver.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of TLR4 896 A>G and 1196 C>T in susceptibility to infections: a review and meta-analysis of genetic association studies.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
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- Toll-like Receptor-9 (TLR-9) Signaling Is Crucial for Inducing Protective Immunity following Immunization with Genetically Modified Live AttenuatedPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Gene Signatures of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Clinical-Immunological Profiles of Human Infection byMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- In-silico design of an immunoinformatics based multi-epitope vaccine against Leishmania donovani.BMC bioinformatics · 2022Article
- Paradoxical immune response in leishmaniasis: The role of toll-like receptors in disease progression.Parasite immunology · 2022Review
- Toll-Like Receptor- and Protein Kinase R-Induced Type I Interferon Sustains Infection ofFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
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- Early Transcriptional Liver Signatures in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Targeting IL-27 and/or IL-10 in Experimental Murine Visceral Leishmaniasis.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
- TLR4 abrogates the Th1 immune response through IRF1 and IFN-β to prevent immunopathology during L. infantum infection.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Neutrophil elastase promotesFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2019Article
- EB1-3 Chain of IL-35 Along With TGF-β Synergistically Regulate Anti-leishmanial Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Redundant and regulatory roles for Toll-like receptors in Leishmania infection.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2017Review
- Role of Mast Cells in clearance of Leishmania through extracellular trap formation.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Gamma Interferon-Regulated Chemokines in Leishmania donovani Infection in the Liver.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
- Infection of Human Monocytes withFrontiers in immunology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In livers of susceptible but self-curing C57BL/6 mice, intracellular Leishmania donovani infection enhanced Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 gene expression. In the liver, infected TLR4(-/-) mice showed reduced gamma interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression, higher-level and slowly resolving infection, delayed granuloma formation, and little response to low-dose chemotherapy; in serum, the ratio of IFN-γ to interleukin 10 (IL-10) activity was decreased by 50%. In contrast, in TLR2(-/-) mice, control of liver infection, parasite killing, and granuloma assembly were accelerated and chemotherapy's efficacy enhanced. In livers of infected TLR2(-/-) mice, mRNA expression was not increased for inflammatory cytokines or iNOS or decreased for IL-10; however, the serum IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio was increased 6.5-fold and minimal responses to IL-10 receptor blockade suggested downregulated IL-10. In established infection in wild-type mice, blockading TLR2 induced parasite killing and triggering TLR4 strengthened resistance and promoted chemotherapy's effect. Thus, in experimental L. donovani infection in the liver, TLR4 signaling upregulates and TLR2 signaling downregulates macrophage antileishmanial activity, making both receptors potential therapeutic targets in visceral leishmaniasis for engagement (TLR4) or blockade (TLR2).
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Registered trials
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