ReviewPflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology2013
Sex differences in anxiety and emotional behavior.
Review in Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 155 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
155 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 383 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unravelling sex differences in the genetic architecture of anxiety.Psychological medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Factors associated with gender and sex differences in anxiety prevalence and comorbidity: A systematic review.Science progressPooled it
- CRFR2 in paraventricular thalamus (PVT) mediates heat-induced anxiety in male mice.Cell & bioscience · 2026Article
- Sex-specific relationships between stress coping and avoidance behavior in adult mice.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Dose-dependent anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of chronic oxytocin in corticosterone-induced female mouse model of anxiety and depression.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Risk of anxiety disorder following ankylosing spondylitis, 2012-2023: a nationwide cohort study in South Korea.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Depleting retinoic acid synthesis in the nucleus accumbens shell produces a protective phenotype for emotional reactivity and drug-taking in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Sex-specific relationships between stress coping and avoidance behavior.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Anxiety among secondary school students in the war-torn Tigray, Ethiopia, 2024: A call for action.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- The Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire (ASA-27): reliability of the German translation, factor structure, and concurrent validity with anxiety sensitivity and agoraphobic cognition.Der Nervenarzt · 2025Article
- Association of C-reactive protein-triglyceride glucose index with anxiety in American adults: outcomes from NHANES 2007 to 2010.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Sex differences in behavior, immune function, and redox state throughout life, and their effect on the longevity of Swiss mice.Biogerontology · 2025Article
- Perinatal omega-3 sex-selectively mitigates neuropsychiatric impacts of prenatal THC in the cortico-striatal-hippocampal circuit.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Microglia reactivity is brain region and sex specific in the context of chronic stress.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Trajectories of childhood eating behaviors and their association with internalizing and externalizing symptoms in adolescence.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Disease network analysis to reveal comorbidity patterns in hospitalized patients with COPD using large-scale administrative health data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Anxiety disorders in the Middle East and North Africa region; 1990 to 2021.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2025Article
- Neglect and Neurodevelopment: A Narrative Review Understanding the Link Between Child Neglect and Executive Function Deficits.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- ADAMTS-1, a multifunctional proteinase, in the uterus of both estrous cycle rats and ovariectomized rats can be regulated via hormones.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2025Article
- Perceptions matter: Physical neighborhood disadvantage and older adults' emotional health.Wellbeing, space and society · 2025Article
95 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Research has elucidated causal links between stress exposure and the development of anxiety disorders, but due to the limited use of female or sex-comparative animal models, little is known about the mechanisms underlying sex differences in those disorders. This is despite an overwhelming wealth of evidence from the clinical literature that the prevalence of anxiety disorders is about twice as high in women compared to men, in addition to gender differences in severity and treatment efficacy. We here review human gender differences in generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety-relevant biological functions, discuss the limitations of classic conflict anxiety tests to measure naturally occurring sex differences in anxiety-like behaviors, describe sex-dependent manifestation of anxiety states after gestational, neonatal, or adolescent stressors, and present animal models of chronic anxiety states induced by acute or chronic stressors during adulthood. Potential mechanisms underlying sex differences in stress-related anxiety states include emerging evidence supporting the existence of two anatomically and functionally distinct serotonergic circuits that are related to the modulation of conflict anxiety and panic-like anxiety, respectively. We discuss how these serotonergic circuits may be controlled by reproductive steroid hormone-dependent modulation of crfr1 and crfr2 expression in the midbrain dorsal raphe nucleus and by estrous stage-dependent alterations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) neurotransmission in the periaqueductal gray, ultimately leading to sex differences in emotional behavior.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.