Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23587198›Full record

SynthesisNutrition journal2013

Long-term effects of low-fat diets either low or high in protein on cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Lukas Schwingshackl, Georg Hoffmann

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Nutrition journal, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03627104 (Effect of Dietary Protein and Energy Restriction in the Improvement of Insulin Resistance in Subjects With Obesity), which is not on this map. Cited by 88 papers, 18 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
88citing papers in PubMed, 18 pooled it
9.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03627104 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Dietary Protein and Energy Restriction in the Improvement of Insulin Resistance in Subjects With Obesity

TypeinterventionalSponsorInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador ZubiranRan2018 to 2020Enrolled80ConditionsObesity, Insulin ResistanceArmsNormoprotein diet with animal protein, Normoprotein diet with vegetable protein, High-protein diet with animal protein, High-protein diet with vegetable protein
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

88 citing papers in PubMed, 18 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 179 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Pooled it
  11. Pooled it
  12. Pooled it
  13. Guideline
  14. Effects of total fat intake on bodyweight in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018
    Pooled it
  15. Effects of total fat intake on bodyweight in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018
    Pooled it
  16. Pooled it
  17. Effects of total fat intake on body weight.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015
    Pooled it
  18. Pooled it
  19. Trial
  20. Trial

28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Lukas SchwingshacklDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14 (UZII), Vienna, A-1090, Austria. lukas.schwingshackl@univie.ac.at
Georg Hoffmann
University of Vienna · AT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMeta-analyses of short-term studies indicate favorable effects of higher protein vs. lower protein diets on health outcomes like adiposity or cardiovascular risk factors, but their long-term effects are unknown.

methodsElectronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Trial Register) were searched up to August 2012 with no restriction to language or calendar date. A random effect meta-analysis was performed using the Software package by the Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager 5.1. Sensitivity analysis was performed for RCTs with a Jadad Score ≥ 3, and excluding type 2 diabetic subjects (T2D).

results15 RCTs met all objectives and were included in the present meta-analysis. No significant differences were observed for weight, waist circumference, fat mass, blood lipids (i.e. total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols), C-reactive protein, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin. In contrast, improvements of fasting insulin was significantly more pronounced following high protein diets as compared to the low protein counterparts (weighted mean difference: -0.71 μIU/ml, 95% CI -1.36 to -0.05, p = 0.03). Sensitivity analysis of high quality RCTs confirmed the data of the primary analyses, while exclusion of studies with diabetic subjects resulted in an additional benefit of high-protein diets with respect to a more marked increase in HDL-cholesterol.

conclusionAccording to the present meta-analysis of long-term RCTs, high-protein diets exerted neither specific beneficial nor detrimental effects on outcome markers of obesity, cardiovascular disease or glycemic control. Thus, it seems premature to recommend high-protein diets in the management of overweight and obesity.

Indexed as

Diet, Fat-RestrictedBiomarkersBlood GlucoseBlood PressureCardiovascular DiseasesCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLC-Reactive ProteinDatabases, FactualDietary ProteinsGlycated HemoglobinGlycemic IndexHumansMetabolic SyndromeObesityRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicBiomarkersBlood GlucoseCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLC-Reactive ProteinDietary ProteinsGlycated HemoglobinTriglycerides

Identifiers

PMID23587198
PMCPMC3636027
OpenAlexW2160520777

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.