ArticleBritish journal of pharmacology2013
Indoles mitigate the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by induction of reciprocal differentiation of regulatory T cells and Th17 cells.
Article in British journal of pharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrative multi-omics analysis uncovers tumor-immune-gut axis influencing immunotherapy outcomes in ovarian cancer.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor pharmacology-mechanisms, ligands, and therapeutic potential.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Neonatal gut Bifidobacterium associates with indole-3-lactic acid levels in blood and risk of ADHD at age 10.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- ILC imbalance - a new piece in the gut-kidney axis puzzle.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Health and Disease.MedComm · 2025Review
- AhR signaling in skin-resident CD207Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a rehabilitated target for therapeutic immune modulation.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2025Review
- 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Improves the Viral Pneumonia Outcomes After Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Animal Models.Viruses · 2025Article
- Using the Key Characteristics Framework to Unlock the Mysteries of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Effects on the Immune System.Annual review of immunology · 2025Review
- Shaping immunity: the influence of the maternal gut bacteria on fetal immune development.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- AhR governs lipid metabolism: the role of gut microbiota.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Gut-lung axis in allergic asthma: microbiota-driven immune dysregulation and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Modulation of multiple sclerosis risk and pathogenesis by the gut microbiota: Complex interactions between host genetics, bacterial metabolism, and diet.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Review
- Indole-3-Carbinol and Its Derivatives as Neuroprotective Modulators.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Development of FluoAHRL: A Novel Synthetic Fluorescent Compound That Activates AHR and Potentiates Anti-Inflammatory T Regulatory Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- 6-Formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole, a potent ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, attenuates concanavalin-induced hepatitis by limiting T-cell activation and infiltration of proinflammatory CD11b+ Kupffer cells.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2024Article
- The Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Bone Biology.International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2024Review
- Ferroptosis in the colon epithelial cells as a therapeutic target for ulcerative colitis.Journal of gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeDietary indole derivatives, indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and diindolylmethane (DIM), possess anti-cancer properties and exhibit the characteristics of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands. Because AhR activation has recently been shown to regulate T cell differentiation, we tested the hypothesis that I3C and DIM may mediate anti-inflammatory properties by promoting regulatory T cell (T-regs) differentiation while inhibiting Th17 cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of I3C and DIM against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS). The efficacy was evaluated based on clinical scores of paralysis, histopathology, serum cytokines and infiltration of T cells in the CNS. We next studied the mechanism of induction of T cells against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG₃₅₋₅₅ ) peptide, both in vivo and in vitro, specifically investigating the differentiation of T-regs and Th17 cells, and determined if indoles were acting through AhR. KEY
resultsPretreatment of EAE mice with I3C or DIM completely prevented the clinical symptoms and cellular infiltration into the CNS. Also, post-treatment of EAE with I3C or DIM proved highly effective in curtailing the overall severity of the disease. In addition, I3C or DIM promoted the generation of T-regs, while down-regulating the induction of MOG-specific Th17 cells. The regulation of FoxP3 induction and suppression of Th17 cells by indoles in vivo and in vitro were found to be AhR-dependent. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Together, our studies demonstrate for the first time that I3C and DIM may serve as novel therapeutics to suppress neuroinflammation seen during MS through activation of AhR.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.