ArticleDiabetes care2013
Structure-function relationship between corneal nerves and conventional small-fiber tests in type 1 diabetes.
Article in Diabetes care, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 40 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Multinational Collaborative Evaluation of Corneal Confocal Microscopy as a Surrogate Endpoint for the Identification and Prediction of Diabetic Neuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes
Early Detection of Taxane-Induced Neuropathy in Women With Breast Cancer
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Corneal confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022Pooled it
- Performance analysis of noninvasive electrophysiological methods for the assessment of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy in clinical research: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- [Confocal microscope examination of the corneal nerve plexus as biomarker for systemic diseases : View from the corneal nerve plexus on diabetes mellitus disease].Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft · 2017Pooled it
- A systematic review on the impact of diabetes mellitus on the ocular surface.Nutrition & diabetes · 2017Pooled it
- Early corneal nerve fibre damage and increased Langerhans cell density in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- miR-27a-3p Upregulation and Netrin-1 Deficiency Drive Inflammatory Responses and Nerve Degeneration in Patients With Diabetes.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Methods for the evaluation of corneal nerve fibres in diabetes mellitus by in vivo confocal microscopy: a scoping review.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Article
- Disrupted Neural Regeneration in Dry Eye Secondary to Ankylosing Spondylitis-With a Theoretical Link between Piezo2 Channelopathy and Gateway Reflex, WDR Neurons, and Flare-Ups.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Renal hemodynamic dysfunction and neuropathy in longstanding type 1 diabetes: Results from the Canadian study of longevity in type 1 diabetes.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2022Article
- Artificial Intelligence and Corneal Confocal Microscopy: The Start of a Beautiful Relationship.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Segmentation and Evaluation of Corneal Nerves and Dendritic Cells From In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Images Using Deep Learning.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Article
- Corneal confocal microscopy: A useful tool for diagnosis of small fiber neuropathy in type 2 diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2021Article
- Corneal confocal microscopy demonstrates axonal loss in different courses of multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Corneal Confocal Microscopy Predicts the Development of Diabetic Neuropathy: A Longitudinal Diagnostic Multinational Consortium Study.Diabetes care · 2021Article
- Abnormal Dynamic Pupillometry Relates to Neurologic Disability and Retinal Axonal Loss in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.Translational vision science & technology · 2021Article
- Corneal confocal microscopy identifies small fibre damage and progression of diabetic neuropathy.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Rapid Corneal Nerve Fiber Loss: A Marker of Diabetic Neuropathy Onset and Progression.Diabetes care · 2020Article
- Potential use of corneal confocal microscopy in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease associated neuropathy.Translational neurodegeneration · 2020Review
- An artificial intelligence-based deep learning algorithm for the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy using corneal confocal microscopy: a development and validation study.Diabetologia · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveIn vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCCM) has been proposed as a noninvasive technique to assess small nerve fiber structural morphology. We investigated the structure-function relationship of small fibers in diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSP). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsNinety-six type 1 diabetic subjects with a spectrum of clinical DSP and 64 healthy volunteers underwent IVCCM examinations to determine corneal nerve structure, including corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), fiber density (CNFD), branch density (CNBD), and fiber tortuosity (CNFT). Small nerve fiber function was assessed by cooling detection thresholds (CDTs), axon reflex-mediated neurogenic vasodilatation in response to cutaneous heating by laser Doppler imaging flare technique (LDIFLARE), and heart rate variability (HRV). Linear associations between structural and functional measures in type 1 diabetic subjects were determined using Spearman correlation coefficients and linear regression analysis.
resultsOf the type 1 diabetic subjects, with a mean age of 38.2 ± 15.5 years and a mean HbA1c of 7.9 ± 1.4%, 33 (34%) had DSP according to the consensus definition. Modest correlations were observed between CNFL, CNFD, and CNBD and all functional small-fiber tests (rs = 0.25 to 0.41; P ≤ 0.01 for all comparisons). For example, quantitatively every 1 mm/mm(2) lower CNFL was associated with a 0.61°C lower CDT, a 0.07 cm(2) lower LDIFLARE area, and a 1.78% lower HRV. No significant associations were observed for CNFT and the functional small-fiber measures.
conclusionsSmall nerve fiber structural morphology assessed by IVCCM correlated well with functional measures of small nerve fiber injury. In particular, CNFL, CNFD, and CNBD demonstrated clear structure-function relationships.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.