ReviewAJNR. American journal of neuroradiology2013
What is meant by "TICI"?
Review in AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 153 citations in OpenAlex.
- 2b Or 2c-3? A meta-analysis of first pass thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2b vs multiple pass thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2c-3 following mechanical thrombectomy for stroke.Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences · 2026Pooled it
- Intravenous thrombolysis as an adjunct to endovascular thrombectomy in acute basilar artery occlusion: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Type of anaesthesia for acute ischaemic stroke endovascular treatment.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis on outcome differences among patients with TICI2b versus TICI3 reperfusions: success revisited.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Endovascular treatment in patients with carotid artery dissection and intracranial occlusion: a systematic review.Neuroradiology · 2017Pooled it
- Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Health Technology Assessment.Ontario health technology assessment series · 2016Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of endovascular thrombectomy compared with best medical treatment for acute ischemic stroke.International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society · 2015Pooled it
- Detection of early neurological deterioration using a quantitative electroencephalography system in patients with large vessel occlusion stroke after endovascular treatment.Journal of neurointerventional surgery · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Stent retrievers for acute ischemic stroke: technological advances, clinical applications, and future perspectives.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Association of Post-Procedural Serum Sodium with 90-Day Mortality in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Patients Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy: A Retrospective Single-Centre Observational Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Basilar Artery Occlusion Associated With Paradoxical Embolism After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Prognostic Factors in Acute Ischemic Stroke With a Decreased Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of the preventive administration of vasoactive amines in counterbalancing significant patient blood pressure drops following nimodipine administration during mechanical thrombectomy procedures.Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences · 2026Article
- The thrombectomy in limb ischemia score (TILI-Score): score proposal and results of an interobserver readability survey.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2026Article
- Tenecteplase versus alteplase for acute ischemic stroke.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Article
- A review of acute ischemic stroke caused by distal, medium vessel occlusions.Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences · 2025Review
- Does initiating aspiration with microcatheter navigation improve the efficacy of thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke patients with vascular angulation at the level of occlusion?Neuroradiology · 2025Article
- Evaluating the effect of noise reduction strategies in CT perfusion imaging for predicting infarct core with deep learning.The neuroradiology journal · 2025Article
- Procedure Time of Endovascular Thrombectomy as Performance Measure of Acute Stroke Treatment.Neurointervention · 2025Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn 2003, Higashida et al proposed the Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction scale to evaluate angiographic intracranial flow. Our aim is to review how subsequently published studies define TICI. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe used the ISI Web of Knowledge and SciVerse Scopus databases to search for "TICI" and "thrombolysis in cerebral infarction" and for articles that cited the original TICI paper from January 2004 through May 2012. Articles were categorized according to their definition of the TICI categories, typically grades 0-4, with grade 2 (partial reperfusion) subdivided into 2a and 2b, and rate of contrast entry to the perfused area. In addition, we catalogued the type of redefinitions of TICI subcategory 2 and additions of new categories.
resultsOf 236 articles screened, 74 were included. Eight (11%) explicitly followed the TICI scale as originally defined. Thirty-seven (50%) cited Higashida but did not define their scale. Fifteen (21%) used and explained modified scales. Thirteen (18%) used the term TICI, but did not define the scale and did not cite Higashida. Eighteen (24%) specified a 2a subcategory. Nine defined grade 2a as <67% filling, 6 defined it as <50%, and 3 did not offer a percentage. Two studies added a 2c subcategory. Fifty-two (70%) used a cutoff level to define "successful reperfusion." Of these, 65% used TICI ≥2, 33% used TICI ≥2b, and 2% used TICI = 3.
conclusionsThere is substantial variability in the definition and/or application of the TICI scale in the literature. This variability could considerably impact our understanding of results of revascularization studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.