ArticleImplementation science : IS2013
Improving the normalization of complex interventions: measure development based on normalization process theory (NoMAD): study protocol.
Article in Implementation science : IS, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 117 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
117 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- From theory to practice: using the Normalization Process Theory and Theoretical Domains Framework to understand implementation of decarbonization in general practice.Family practice · 2025Pooled it
- Implementation of decarbonisation actions in general practice: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Using Normalization Process Theory in feasibility studies and process evaluations of complex healthcare interventions: a systematic review.Implementation science : IS · 2018Pooled it
- Evaluation of a complex intervention: the Latch On randomized controlled trial of multicomponent breastfeeding support for women with a raised body mass index.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2025Trial
- Sustainability capacity and health worker normalisation of a successful non-communicable disease (NCD) health systems intervention within primary care settings in Uganda: a quantitative approach to a qualitative question.BMC health services research · 2023Trial
- The implementation and validation of the NoMAD during a complex primary care intervention.BMC medical research methodology · 2022Trial
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- Stratified versus usual care for the management of primary care patients with sciatica: the SCOPiC RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2020Trial
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- Using normalisation process theory to understand workflow implications of decision support implementation across diverse primary care settings.BMJ health & care informatics · 2019Trial
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- Shared Decision-Making in the Management of Deep Partial-Thickness Burns: Development and Implementation of a Multicomponent Decision Aid.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- What Makes Community Inclusion Work for Older Adults With an Intellectual Disability? An Application of the Normalisation Process Theory.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID · 2026Article
- Logistic challenges in implementing a multispecialty robotic surgery program at university hospitals.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Staff Perspectives on Normalizing and Sustaining Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes Monitoring at Six US Health Systems.JCO oncology practice · 2026Article
- Validation of an AI-based automated Knee Inflammation MRI Scoring System for assessing bone marrow lesions.EULAR rheumatology open · 2026Article
- Real-World Evaluation of the Eye+Dot Online Triage Support Tool in Community Optometry Practices: Mixed Methods Evaluation Study.JMIR human factors · 2026Article
- Article
57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding implementation processes is key to ensuring that complex interventions in healthcare are taken up in practice and thus maximize intended benefits for service provision and (ultimately) care to patients. Normalization Process Theory (NPT) provides a framework for understanding how a new intervention becomes part of normal practice. This study aims to develop and validate simple generic tools derived from NPT, to be used to improve the implementation of complex healthcare interventions.
objectivesThe objectives of this study are to: develop a set of NPT-based measures and formatively evaluate their use for identifying implementation problems and monitoring progress; conduct preliminary evaluation of these measures across a range of interventions and contexts, and identify factors that affect this process; explore the utility of these measures for predicting outcomes; and develop an online users' manual for the measures.
methodsA combination of qualitative (workshops, item development, user feedback, cognitive interviews) and quantitative (survey) methods will be used to develop NPT measures, and test the utility of the measures in six healthcare intervention settings. DISCUSSION: The measures developed in the study will be available for use by those involved in planning, implementing, and evaluating complex interventions in healthcare and have the potential to enhance the chances of their implementation, leading to sustained changes in working practices.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.