ReviewImmunology2013
Anti-Gal: an abundant human natural antibody of multiple pathogeneses and clinical benefits.
Review in Immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
121 citing papers in PubMed, 215 citations in OpenAlex.
- Arming Inactivated Enveloped Virus Vaccines with theVaccines · 2026Review
- Monitoring Inflammatory Markers and Anti-α-Gal Antibodies in Liver Transplant Recipients: Implications for Infection and Rejection.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Human infection with pseudorabies virus: review of evidence, risk assessment, and future directions.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Alpha-Gal syndrome unveiled: decoding the glycan-driven red meat allergy.Glycoconjugate journal · 2026Review
- Review
- Shaping Tumor Microenvironment by Amplifying the Complement Cascade for Improved Immune Response in Pancreatic Cancer Model.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2026Article
- Lessons of Macrophage-Associated Heart Regeneration in Fish, Amphibians, and Neonatal Mice, Applied to Adult Mice: A Perspective on α-Gal Nanoparticles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Isohemagglutinins exhibit synergistic polyreactivity toward Streptococcus pneumoniae surface antigens: implications for broad-spectrum reactivity of human antibodies.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2026Article
- Modern xenotransplantation: rewiring glycan-mediated immunogenicity via genome-glycome convergence.EBioMedicine · 2026Review
- Humoral immune responses to hyaluronan oligosaccharides in patients undergoing prosthetic valve surgery.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Liposome-based drug delivery systems for skin wound healing: a promising drug delivery strategy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Advancing cardiac xenotransplantation: overcoming challenges and ethical considerations for clinical integration.Frontiers in transplantation · 2026Article
- IgG to Galactose-Alpha-1,3-Galactose: Impact of Alpha-Gal IgE Sensitization, Blood Type, and Tick Bites.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Mechanistic Insights into Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Calcification and Anti-Calcification Strategies.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Biodistribution and toxicity evaluation of oncolytic adenovirus Adf35(OGN) in Syrian hamster and mouse.Cancer gene therapy · 2025Article
- Characterization of antibodies induced by immunization of mice with isoglobotrihexosylceramide (iGb3).Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2024Article
- Liver tissue engineering using decellularized scaffolds: Current progress, challenges, and opportunities.Bioactive materials · 2024Review
- Recurrent tick bites induce high IgG1 antibody responses to α-Gal in sensitized and non-sensitized forestry employees in Luxembourg.Clinical and translational allergy · 2024Article
- Self-Tumor Antigens in Solid Tumors Turned into Vaccines by α-gal Micelle Immunotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Immunoprotection Strategies in β-Cell Replacement Therapy: A Closer Look at Porcine Islet Xenotransplantation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Anti-Gal is the most abundant natural antibody in humans, constituting ~ 1% of immunoglobulins. Anti-Gal is naturally produced also in apes and Old World monkeys. The ligand of anti-Gal is a carbohydrate antigen called the 'α-gal epitope' with the structure Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R. The α-gal epitope is present as a major carbohydrate antigen in non-primate mammals, prosimians and New World monkeys. Anti-Gal can contributes to several immunological pathogeneses. Anti-Gal IgE produced in some individuals causes allergies to meat and to the therapeutic monoclonal antibody cetuximab, all presenting α-gal epitopes. Aberrant expression of the α-gal epitope or of antigens mimicking it in humans may result in autoimmune processes, as in Graves' disease. α-Gal epitopes produced by Trypanosoma cruzi interact with anti-Gal and induce 'autoimmune like' inflammatory reactions in Chagas' disease. Anti-Gal IgM and IgG further mediate rejection of xenografts expressing α-gal epitopes. Because of its abundance, anti-Gal may be exploited for various clinical uses. It increases immunogenicity of microbial vaccines (e.g. influenza vaccine) presenting α-gal epitopes by targeting them for effective uptake by antigen-presenting cells. Tumour lesions are converted into vaccines against autologous tumour-associated antigens by intra-tumoral injection of α-gal glycolipids, which insert into tumour cell membranes. Anti-Gal binding to α-gal epitopes on tumour cells targets them for uptake by antigen-presenting cells. Accelerated wound healing is achieved by application of α-gal nanoparticles, which bind anti-Gal, activate complement, and recruit and activate macrophages that induce tissue regeneration. This therapy may be of further significance in regeneration of internally injured tissues such as ischaemic myocardium and injured nerves.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.