ArticleJournal of oncology2013
Protumor activities of the immune response: insights in the mechanisms of immunological shift, oncotraining, and oncopromotion.
Article in Journal of oncology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Clinical and hematological indices as prognosticators in localized solitary fibrous tumors: A retrospective study.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2026Article
- Characterization of T cell markers in endometrial carcinoma through single-cell RNA sequencing.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- RIPK1 in Diffuse Glioma Pathology: From Prognosis Marker to Potential Therapeutic Target.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Predicting Treatment Outcomes in Glioblastoma: A Risk Score Model for TMZ Resistance and Immune Checkpoint Inhibition.Biology · 2025Article
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- Targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment: potential therapeutic approaches for osteosarcoma.Oncology research · 2025Review
- Peripheral immune cells in metastatic breast cancer patients display a systemic immunosuppressed signature consistent with chronic inflammation.NPJ breast cancer · 2024Article
- Decoding the Tumour Microenvironment: Molecular Players, Pathways, and Therapeutic Targets in Cancer Treatment.Cancers · 2024Review
- Expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in Endometrial Cancer: Molecular and Clinical Significance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
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- Circulating tumour cells in gastrointestinal cancers: food for thought?British journal of cancer · 2023Review
- The Fight against the Carcinogenic Epstein-Barr Virus: Gut Microbiota, Natural Medicines, and Beyond.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Dual Effect of Immune Cells within Tumour Microenvironment: Pro- and Anti-Tumour Effects and Their Triggers.Cancers · 2022Review
- The systemic-level repercussions of cancer-associated inflammation mediators produced in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Tumorigenic Aspects of MSC Senescence-Implication in Cancer Development and Therapy.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Review
- Immunotherapy in endometrial cancer: rationale, practice and perspectives.Biomarker research · 2021Review
- Emerging role of human polyomaviruses 6 and 7 in human cancers.Infectious agents and cancer · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Experimental and clinical studies indicate that cells of the innate and adaptive immune system have both anti- and pro-tumor activities. This dual role of the immune system has led to a conceptual shift in the role of the immune system's regulation of cancer, in which immune-tumor cell interactions are understood as a dynamic process that comprises at least five phases: immunosurveillance, immunoselection, immunoescape, oncotraining, and oncopromotion. The tumor microenvironment shifts immune cells to perform functions more in tune with the tumor needs (oncotraining); these functions are related to chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling activities. Among them are increased proliferation and survival, increased angiogenesis and vessel permeability, protease secretion, acquisition of migratory mesenchymal characteristics, and self-renewal properties that altogether promote tumor growth and metastasis (oncopromotion). Important populations in all these pro-tumor processes are M2 macrophages, N2 neutrophils, regulatory T cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells; the main effectors molecules are CSF-1, IL-6, metalloproteases, VEGF, PGE-2, TGF- β , and IL-10. Cancer prognosis correlates with densities and concentrations of protumoral populations and molecules, providing ideal targets for the intelligent design of directed preventive or anticancer therapies.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.