ArticlePPAR research2013
Thiazolidinedione-induced fluid retention: recent insights into the molecular mechanisms.
Article in PPAR research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pioglitazone Therapy in Patients With Stroke and Prediabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the IRIS Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA neurology · 2019Trial
- Efficacy of low-dose pioglitazone in combination with exenatide on glucose control in patients with T2DM.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2026Article
- PPARγ Signaling in the Central Nervous System: A Review of the Implications in Synaptic Plasticity, Neuroinflammatory and Neoplastic Processes.Neurochemical research · 2026Review
- Toxicological profile of anti-diabetic drugs and emerging measures to reduce the toxic burden.Toxicology reports · 2026Review
- TASL practice guidance for the diagnosis and management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).Hepatology forum · 2026Article
- Potential Molecular Biomarkers for Predicting and Monitoring Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Commonly Prescribed Chronic Pharmacological Medications as Risk Factors for Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: An Observational Retrospective Cohort Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Metabolic syndrome: epidemiology, mechanisms, and current therapeutic approaches.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Targeting of PPARγ in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Efficacy, Safety, and Drug Development.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- TASL Practice Guidance on the Clinical Assessment and Management of Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.Hepatology forum · 2023Article
- Antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and antihyperlipidemic properties ofFrontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma and Atherosclerosis: Post-translational Modification and Selective Modulators.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Rescuing mitochondria in traumatic brain injury and intracerebral hemorrhages - A potential therapeutic approach.Neurochemistry international · 2021Review
- Nuclear Receptors and Transcription Factors in Obesity-Related Kidney Disease.Seminars in nephrology · 2021Review
- Article
- Soluble (pro)renin receptor treats metabolic syndrome in mice with diet-induced obesity via interaction with PPARγ.JCI insight · 2020Article
- Activation of the Metabolic Master Regulator PPARγ: A Potential PIOneering Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2020Review
- Lessons from the Trials for the Desirable Effects of Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors on Diabetic Cardiovascular Events and Renal Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- PPARs and pain.British journal of pharmacology · 2019Review
- Endothelial Cell-Targeted Deletion of PPARThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ (PPAR γ ) agonists such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are used to improve insulin sensitivity in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, thiazolidinediones induce fluid retention, edema, and sometimes precipitate or exacerbate heart failure in a subset of patients. The mechanism through which thiazolidinediones induce fluid retention is controversial. Most studies suggest that this effect results from the increase in tubular sodium and water reabsorption in the kidney, but the role of specific nephron segments and sodium carriers involved is less clear. Some studies suggested that PPAR γ agonist stimulates Na(+) reabsorption in the collecting duct by activating epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC), either directly or through serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 (SGK-1). However, other studies did not confirm this mechanism and even report the suppression of ENaC. Alternative mechanisms in the collecting duct include stimulation of non-ENaC sodium channel or inhibition of chloride secretion to the tubular lumen. In addition, thiazolidinediones may augment sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule by stimulating the expression and activity of apical Na(+)/H(+) exchanger-3 and basolateral Na(+)-HCO3 (-) cotransporter as well as of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase. These effects are mediated by PPAR γ -induced nongenomic transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK).
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.