ArticleJournal of inflammation research2013
Lymphocyte aggregates persist and accumulate in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Article in Journal of inflammation research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analysis of the clinical significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios in interstitial lung disease.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Hallmarks of the ageing lung: 10 years later.The European respiratory journal · 2026Review
- Immunological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in pulmonary fibrosis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Tweaking the Complex Fibrogenic Role of Lymphocytes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2026Article
- B and T cells in lung tissue are associated with smoking and forced vital capacity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and familial pulmonary fibrosis.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Active Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immune Responses Are Shared among Patients with Progressive Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Sexual dimorphism of lung immune-regulatory units imprint biased pulmonary fibrosis.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Article
- Distinct mural cells and fibroblasts promote pathogenic plasma cell accumulation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.The European respiratory journal · 2025Article
- Serum IgA levels and survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: association with serum cytokine levels and peripheral monocyte counts.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- The Intersection between Immune System and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis-A Concise Review.Fibrosis (Hong Kong, China) · 2025Article
- Local, Quantitative Morphometry of Fibroproliferative Lung Injury Using Laminin.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2024Article
- Tertiary lymphoid structures and B-cell infiltration are IPF features with functional consequences.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The Role of Immune Cells in the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Review
- Article
- Molecular Mechanisms and Risk Factors Related to the Pathogenesis of Peyronie's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Single-cell sequencing analysis fibrosis provides insights into the pathobiological cell types and cytokines of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Article
- T cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: crucial but controversial.Cell death discovery · 2023Review
- Comparative Study of Ectopic Lymphoid Aggregates in Sheep and Murine Models of Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis.Canadian respiratory journal · 2023Article
- Analysis of necroptosis-related prognostic genes and immune infiltration in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease with no known effective therapy. It is often assumed, but has not been objectively evaluated, that pulmonary inflammation subsides as IPF progresses. The goal of this work was to assess changes in the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration, particularly lymphocytic infiltration, over the duration of illness in IPF.
methodsSixteen patients with confirmed IPF were identified in patients whom surgical lung biopsy (SLB) was performed in early disease, and in patients whom lung transplantation was subsequently performed in end stage disease. A numerical scoring system was used to histologically quantify the amount of fibrosis, honeycomb change, fibroblastic foci, and lymphocyte aggregates in each SLB and lung explant tissue sample. Analyses of quantitative scores were performed by comparing paired, matched samples of SLB to lung explant tissue.
resultsMedian time [1st, 3rd quartiles] from SLB to lung transplantation was 24 [15, 29] months. Histologic fibrosis and honeycomb change were more pronounced in the explant samples compared with SLB (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively), and most notably, higher numbers of lymphocyte aggregates were observed in the explant samples compared to SLB (P = 0.013). Immunohistochemical analyses revealed abundant CD3+ (T lymphocyte) and CD20+ (B lymphocyte) cells, but not CD68+ (macrophage) cells, within the aggregates.
conclusionContrary to the frequent assumption, lymphocyte aggregates were present in greater numbers in advanced disease (explant tissue) compared to early disease (surgical lung biopsy). This finding suggests that active cellular inflammation continues in IPF even in severe end stage disease.
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Registered trials
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