ArticleImmunologic research2013
Silicone implant incompatibility syndrome (SIIS): a frequent cause of ASIA (Shoenfeld's syndrome).
Article in Immunologic research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breast Implant Illness: Symptoms, Outcomes with Explantation and Potential Etiologies-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Severe manifestations of autoimmune syndrome induced by adjuvants (Shoenfeld's syndrome).Immunologic research · 2017Pooled it
- From Hashtags to Health Narratives: A Content Analysis of Breast Implant Illness on TikTok.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Trace Elements-Role in Joint Function and Impact on Joint Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Occurrence of Health Symptoms in General Practice Before and After the Explantation of Cosmetic Breast Implants.Aesthetic surgery journal · 2025Article
- Defining Breast Implant Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Patient-reported Symptoms.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Clinical Characteristics of ASIA Syndrome in Patients with Silicone Breast Implants: A Scoping Review.World journal of plastic surgery · 2025Review
- Review
- Article
- Complications of Silicone Fillers in Gluteal Augmentation: An Unusual Case of Filler Migration and Granuloma Formation.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2023Article
- One-step Glandular Reconstruction after Breast Implant Removal: Technical Refinements and Grafting of the Inferior Dermoglandular Flap.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2023Article
- Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA): past, present, and future implications.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2023Review
- The Prevalence of Hearing Impairments in Women with Silicone Breast Implants.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Patients With Systemic Reaction to Their Hernia Mesh: An Introduction to Mesh Implant Illness.Journal of abdominal wall surgery : JAWS · 2023Article
- Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants in a woman with Hashimoto thyroiditis and familial autoimmunity-a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants: a focus on silicone.Clinical rheumatology · 2022Review
- Effects of Silicone Breast Implants on Human Cell Types In Vitro: A Closer Look on Host and Implant.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2022Review
- Progressive sensory ataxia and breast implant rupture, an uncommon presentation of a debated concept: a case report.BMC neurology · 2022Article
- Patient-reported systemic symptoms in women with silicone breast implants: a descriptive cohort study.BMJ open · 2022Observational
- A Practical Guide to Managing Patients With Systemic Symptoms and Breast Implants.Aesthetic surgery journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Silicon has a molecular mass of 28 daltons. In nature, silicon is found as silicon dioxide (silica) or in a variety of silicates (e.g., in talc or asbestos). Furthermore, silicon is present in silicones, polymerized siloxanes, which are often used as medical silicones in breast implants. Silicon exposure is associated with different systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, progressive systemic sclerosis, and vasculitis. Remarkably, silicon in silicone-filled breast implants is considered to be safe, not increasing the risk of developing autoimmune diseases. We analyzed the impact of silicone-filled breast implants on the immune system in 32 consecutive patients attending a specialized autoimmunity clinic. All 32 patients had silicone implant incompatibility syndrome and complaints fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of ASIA (autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants). Furthermore, in 17 of the 32 patients, a systemic autoimmune disease was diagnosed, and 15 of the 32 patients had an impaired humoral immune system. Patients developed symptoms and signs after long-term follow-up, suggesting that these symptoms and signs started after implant aging and/or rupture. We postulate that silicon in silicone-filled breast implants may increase the risk of developing (auto) immune diseases and immune deficiencies.
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