ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2013
Racial differences in lens opacity incidence and progression: the Salisbury Eye Evaluation (SEE) study.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between lutein and zeaxanthin status and the risk of cataract: a meta-analysis.Nutrients · 2014Pooled it
- Hypertension and risk of cataract: a meta-analysis.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Alcohol intake and the risk of age-related cataracts: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Tissue-Specific Antioxidant Capacity in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Urinary Sodium-Potassium Ratio and Cataract Risk: Insights From the NHANES 2003-2006 and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Posterior Capsulorhexis as a Preventive Strategy: A Case of Bilateral Congenital Cataract With Divergent Outcomes.Cureus · 2025Article
- Predictors of Cataract Surgery Among US Adults: NHANES 2007-2008.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Sex-specific social, lifestyle, and physical health risk factors in cataracts development.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- The Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Vision Loss From Cataracts and Cataract Surgery Utilization in the United States-A National Health Interview Survey Analysis.American journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Five-year change in refractive error and its risk factors: results from the Gutenberg Health Study.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Study of the Natural Crystalline Lens Characteristics Using Dual-Energy Computed Tomography.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Genotype, Age, Genetic Background, and Sex Influence Epha2-Related Cataract Development in Mice.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PREVALENT LENS OPACITIES IN CHINESE AMERICAN ADULTS: THE CHINESE AMERICAN EYE STUDY.Ophthalmic epidemiology · 2021Article
- Article
- Absolute and estimated values of macular pigment optical density in young and aged Asian participants with or without age-related macular degeneration.BMC ophthalmology · 2017Article
- Association between polymorphisms of OGG1, EPHA2 and age-related cataract risk: a meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate racial differences in nuclear and cortical lens opacity incidence and progression over a 2-year period in an older American population.
methodsProspective population-based cohort study of a multiethnic population of 2520 people (26% African-American and 74% Caucasian), 65 to 84 years of age, living in Salisbury, Maryland. Data at baseline included race, education level, past steroid use, smoking status, alcohol status, sunlight exposure, and history of hypertension and diabetes. Lens photographs were taken at baseline and at 2-year follow-up and were graded using the Wilmer grading scheme. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the independent associations between race, as well as other risk factors, and incidence and progression of cortical and nuclear opacities.
resultsAFRICAN-AMERICANS HAD LOWER RATES OF NUCLEAR OPACITY INCIDENCE (ODDS RATIO [OR]: 0.52; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.35-0.76) and nuclear opacity progression (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.38-0.92) compared with Caucasians. African-Americans had higher rates of cortical opacity incidence (OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.21-2.98) and cortical opacity progression (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.21-2.45) compared with Caucasians. Additionally, nuclear opacity incidence was associated with age, female sex, and current smoking status. Nuclear progression was associated with past smoking and current smoking. Cortical opacity incidence was associated with female sex, Ultraviolet-B exposure, and a history of diabetes. Cortical opacity progression was associated with current smoking status.
conclusionsDifferences by race in the type of cataract incidence and progression, even adjusting for personal and environmental risk factors, deserve further exploration.
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