ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2013
Community viral load and CD4 count distribution among people living with HIV in a South African Township: implications for treatment as prevention.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Interventions to improve or facilitate linkage to or retention in pre-ART (HIV) care and initiation of ART in low- and middle-income settings--a systematic review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2014Pooled it
- Population-level analysis of natural control of HIV infection in Zambia and South Africa: HPTN 071 (PopART).Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Trial
- Test and Treat TB: a pilot trial of GeneXpert MTB/RIF screening on a mobile HIV testing unit in South Africa.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Trial
- Potential long-acting tuberculosis treatment for people with HIV: cost-effectiveness benchmarks.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2026Article
- Level of HIV serodiscordance and associated factors among heterosexual couples in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Leveraging CD4 Cell Count at Entry Into Care to Monitor Success of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention, Treatment, and Public Health Programming in the Greater St Louis Area Between 2017 and 2020.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination in people living with HIV/AIDS from Latin America.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2022Article
- HIV Viral Suppression among People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in Haut-Katanga and Kinshasa Provinces of Democratic Republic of Congo.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- A Comprehensive Approach to Assuring Quality of Laboratory Testing in HIV Surveys: Lessons Learned From the Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment Project.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2021Article
- Risks of cardio-vascular diseases among highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) treated HIV seropositive volunteers at a treatment centre in Lagos, Nigeria.The Pan African medical journal · 2021Article
- Shortened Tuberculosis Treatment for People with HIV in South Africa. A Model-based Evaluation and Cost-effectiveness Analysis.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2020Article
- Environmental distribution of certain modified live-virus vaccines with a high safety profile presents a low-risk, high-reward to control zoonotic diseases.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Natural control of HIV infection in young women in South Africa: HPTN 068.HIV clinical trials · 2018Article
- Point of Care Diagnostics for HIV in Resource Limited Settings: An Overview.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2018Review
- The Continuing Burden of Advanced HIV Disease Over 10 Years of Increasing Antiretroviral Therapy Coverage in South Africa.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Article
- Reduction in HIV community viral loads following the implementation of a "Treatment as Prevention" strategy over 2 years at a population-level among men who have sex with men in Hangzhou, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Do Less Harm: Evaluating HIV Programmatic Alternatives in Response to Cutbacks in Foreign Aid.Annals of internal medicine · 2017Article
- Place Still Matters: Racial/Ethnic and Geographic Disparities in HIV Transmission and Disease Burden.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2017Article
- A comparison of self-report and antiretroviral detection to inform estimates of antiretroviral therapy coverage, viral load suppression and HIV incidence in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe goals of scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have expanded from prevention of morbidity and death to include prevention of transmission. Morbidity and mortality risk are associated with CD4 count; transmission risk depends on plasma viral load (VL). This study aimed to describe CD4 count and VL distributions among HIV-infected individuals in a South African township to gain insights into the potential impact of ART scale-up on community HIV transmission risk.
methodsA random sample of 10% of the adult population was invited to attend an HIV testing service. Study procedures included a questionnaire, HIV testing, CD4 count, and VL testing.
resultsOne thousand one hundred forty-four (88.0%) of 1300 randomly selected individuals participated in the study. Two hundred sixty tested positive, giving an HIV prevalence of 22.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 20.3 to 25.3]. A third of all HIV-infected individuals (33.5%, 95% CI: 27.8 to 39.6) reported taking ART. The median CD4 count was 417 cells per microliter (interquartile range, 285-627); 33 (12.7%, 95% CI: 8.9 to 17.4) had a CD4 count of ≤200 cells per microliter. VL measurements were available for 219 individuals (84.2%) and were undetectable in 72 (33.9%), >1500 copies per milliliter in 127 (58.0%) and >10,000 copies per milliliter in 96 (43.8%). Of those reporting they were receiving ART, 30.4% had a VL >1500 copies per milliliter compared with 58.0% of those reporting they were not receiving ART.
conclusionsA small proportion of those living with HIV in this community had a CD4 count of <200 cells per microliter; more than half had a VL high enough to be associated with considerable transmission risk. A substantial proportion of HIV-infected individuals remained at risk of transmitting HIV even after starting ART.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.