ArticleDiabetologia2013
Gestational diabetes, pre-pregnancy obesity and pregnancy weight gain in relation to excess fetal growth: variations by race/ethnicity.
Article in Diabetologia, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Asians - A Systematic Review From a Population Health Perspective.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Mediating effect of gestational weight gain on the preventive effect of exercise during pregnancy on macrosomia: a randomized clinical trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Trial
- Maternal and neonatal outcomes in migrant women with gestational diabetes. A retrospective cohort study in Italy.Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- Antagonism of GPR4 with NE 52-QQ57 alleviates gestational diabetes mellitus-induced placental insults mediated by inhibiting NF-κB.Histology and histopathology · 2026Article
- Article
- Glycemic Level Modifies the Relationship Between Maternal Gestational Weight Gain and Neonatal Birth Weight in Type 2 Diabetes-Complicated Pregnancies.Diabetes care · 2025Article
- Risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with large for gestational age infants in pregnant women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Gestational Diabetes, the Human Milk Metabolome, and Infant Growth and Adiposity.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Machine learning approach for the prediction of macrosomia.Visual computing for industry, biomedicine, and art · 2024Article
- Diet, lifestyle and gut microbiota composition among Malaysian women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Adverse birth outcomes and childhood overweight at age of 3-8 years in a prospective cohort study in Tianjin, China.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Prevalence of macrosomic newborn and maternal and neonatal complications in a high-risk maternity.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2024Observational
- Association between Maternal Body Composition in Second Trimester and Risk of Fetal Macrosomia: A Population-Based Retrospective Study in China.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Article
- A Vegetable, Oil, and Fruit Dietary Pattern in Late Pregnancy is Linked to Reduced Risks of Adverse Birth Outcomes in a Predominantly Low-Income Hispanic and Latina Pregnancy Cohort.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Prediction of large-for-gestational-age infant by fetal growth charts and hemoglobin A1c level in pregnancy complicated by pregestational diabetes.Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2022Article
- What is the "cost" of reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus - risk factors for perinatal complications in a retrospective cohort of pregnant women with GDM.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Managing idiopathic intracranial hypertension in pregnancy: practical advice.Practical neurology · 2022Article
- Associations of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain with Offspring Obesity Risk.Current medical science · 2022Article
- Nomogram-based risk prediction of macrosomia: a case-control study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisThe escalating rate of childhood obesity is a public health concern worldwide, with children in certain ethnic groups being disproportionately affected. Our objective was to examine the joint effects of pre-pregnancy adiposity, pregnancy weight gain and gestational diabetes (GDM) in relation to excess fetal growth and to identify susceptible races or ethnic populations.
methodsThe risk for delivery of a large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infant, specific to race and fetal sex, was evaluated in 105,985 pregnancies in the Consortium on Safe Labor from 2002-2008. Generalised estimating equations were used to estimate the risk for delivery of LGA infants. Joint effects were employed to evaluate the interplay of three risk factors. Models were stratified by racial group considering one, two or three factors (i.e. pre-pregnancy adiposity, pregnancy weight gain and GDM, with 0 factors as the reference group).
resultsGreater pre-pregnancy adiposity, pregnancy weight gain and GDM were independently associated with increased risk of giving birth to an LGA infant across all races (except GDM among non-Hispanic whites), in both underweight and normal-weight women. Among non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black and Hispanic women, the three-factor joint effect was associated with substantially increased odds of LGA (OR [95% CI] 11.27 [8.40, 15.11], 7.09 [4.81, 10.45] and 10.19 [6.84, 15.19], respectively). However, for Asian women the joint effect of all three factors (OR [95% CI] 5.14 [2.11, 12.50]) was approximately the same as any of the two factors. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationGDM, pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive pregnancy weight gain were jointly associated with elevated risk of giving birth to an LGA infant and the effects varied by race. This suggests that those involved in public health efforts aimed at preventing LGA deliveries should consider variations in racial groups when devising effective strategies.
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