Trial reportDrug and alcohol dependence2013
Challenging expectancies to prevent nonmedical prescription stimulant use: a randomized, controlled trial.
Trial report in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Treatments for Adolescents With Comorbid ADHD and Substance Use Disorder: A Systematic Review.Journal of attention disorders · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of stimulant medication on neuropsychological functioning in college students without ADHD.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Preventing Prescription Stimulant Diversion and Misuse via a Web-Based Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Trial
- Expectancy for Adderall influences subjective mood and drug effects regardless of concurrent caffeine ingestion: A randomized controlled trial.Psychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Preventing college student nonmedical prescription stimulant use: Development of vested interest theory-based persuasive messages.Addictive behaviors · 2020Trial
- The impact of a theory-based web-intervention on the intention to use prescription drugs for non-medical purposes among college students: a randomized controlled trial.Health education research · 2019Trial
- Outcome and process evaluation of a social norms approach intervention on nonmedical use of prescription stimulants for study performance among Flemish university students: a quasi-experimental study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Process and outcome evaluation of a social norms approach intervention on alcohol use among Flemish university students: a quasi-experimental study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- Perspectives on Deterrents from Students Who Have Discontinued Prescription Stimulant Misuse and Diversion Behaviors.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2023Article
- Development and pilot-testing of a skill-based intervention to prevent psychoactive substance use among college students: A study from Bangalore, India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Prescription Stimulant Misuse and Diversion Events Among College Students: A Qualitative Study.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2022Article
- Compounding Privilege, Resilience, and Nonmedical Prescription Stimulant Use among College Students.Substance use & misuse · 2022Article
- Prescription Stimulant Misuse and Risk Correlates among Racially-Diverse Urban Adolescents.Substance use & misuse · 2020Article
- Prescription stimulant medication misuse: Where are we and where do we go from here?Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2016Review
- Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants in college students: Attitudes, intentions, and vested interest.Addictive behaviors · 2016Article
- Nonmedical stimulant use among young Asian-Americans, Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders, and mixed-race individuals aged 12-34 years in the United States.Journal of psychiatric research · 2014Article
- How to say "no" most effectively: Evaluating resistance strategies for prescription stimulant diversion to inform preventive interventions.Journal of American college health : J of ACHArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCollege students continue to report nonmedical prescription stimulant use to enhance alertness and concentration. Despite increasing prevalence of this behavior, techniques for preventing or treating it are lacking. An intervention that focuses on challenging positive consequence-oriented beliefs about prescription stimulants may be efficacious in preventing use.
methodsThe current study examined the efficacy of a randomized controlled expectancy challenge intervention to prevent nonmedical prescription stimulant use among 96 at-risk, stimulant-naïve college students (i.e., low grade point average, Greek involvement, binge drinking, cannabis use). Forty-seven participants completed a brief expectancy challenge intervention aimed at modifying positive expectancies for prescription stimulants, to consequently deter initiation of use. The remaining participants received no intervention.
resultsThe expectancy challenge successfully modified expectancies related to prescription stimulant effects. Nevertheless, this intervention group and a control group showed comparable rates of nonmedical prescription use at 6-month follow-up. However, negative expectancies were significant predictors of reduced odds of future use.
conclusionsA challenge session appears to modify stimulant-related expectancies, which are related to nonmedical prescription stimulant use. Nevertheless, a more potent challenge or booster sessions might be essential for longer-term changes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.