ArticlePsychopharmacology2013
Differential levels of brain amino acids in rat models presenting learned helplessness or non-learned helplessness.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unveiling chiral amino acid alterations and glycine dysregulation in late-life depression through targeted metabolomics.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Structural and biochemical imaging reveals systemic LPS-induced changes in the rat brain.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2020Article
- The alterations of glutamate transporter 1 and glutamine synthetase in the rat brain of a learned helplessness model of depression.Psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- Curculigoside facilitates fear extinction and prevents depression-like behaviors in a mouse learned helplessness model through increasing hippocampal BDNF.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2019Article
- Abnormal composition of gut microbiota is associated with resilience versus susceptibility to inescapable electric stress.Translational psychiatry · 2019Article
- Resilience Dysregulation in Major Depressive Disorder: Focus on Glutamatergic Imbalance and Microglial Activation.Current neuropharmacology · 2018Review
- Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiota confer resilience to chronic social defeat stress in mice.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Testing the excitation/inhibition imbalance hypothesis in a mouse model of the autism spectrum disorder: in vivo neurospectroscopy and molecular evidence for regional phenotypes.Molecular autism · 2017Article
- R-ketamine: a rapid-onset and sustained antidepressant without psychotomimetic side effects.Translational psychiatry · 2015Article
- Regional differences in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and dendritic spine density confer resilience to inescapable stress.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleGlutamatergic and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic abnormalities have recently been proposed to contribute to depression. The learned helplessness (LH) paradigm produces a reliable animal model of depression that expresses a deficit in escape behavior (LH model); an alternative phenotype that does not exhibit LH is a model of resilience to depression (non-LH model).
objectivesWe measured the contents of amino acids in the brain to investigate the mechanisms involved in the pathology of depression.
methodsLH and non-LH models were subjected to inescapable electric footshocks at random intervals following a conditioned avoidance test to determine acquirement of predicted escape deficits. Tissue amino acid contents in eight brain regions were measured via high-performance liquid chromatography.
resultsThe non-LH model showed increased GABA levels in the dentate gyrus and nucleus accumbens and increased glutamine levels in the dentate gyrus and the orbitofrontal cortex. The LH model had reduced glutamine levels in the medial prefrontal cortex. Changes in the ratios of GABA, glutamine, and glutamate were detected in the non-LH model, but not in the LH model. Reductions in threonine levels occurred in the medial prefrontal cortex in both models, whereas elevated alanine levels were detected in the medial prefrontal cortex in non-LH animals.
conclusionsThe present study demonstrates region-specific compensatory elevations in GABA levels in the dentate gyrus and nucleus accumbens of non-LH animals, supporting the implication of the GABAergic system in the recovery of depression.
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