ArticleMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2013
Liposome delivery of microRNA-145 to mesenchymal stem cells leads to immunological off-target effects mediated by RIG-I.
Article in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protection of macrophages from intracellular pathogens by miR-182-5p mimic-a gene expression meta-analysis approach.The FEBS journal · 2018Pooled it
- Lipid-Driven Immunometabolism in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A New Axis for Musculoskeletal Regeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- MiRNAs and lncRNAs in the regulation of innate immune signaling.Non-coding RNA research · 2023Review
- MicroRNAs in the Regulation of RIG-I-like Receptor Signaling Pathway: Possible Strategy for Viral Infection and Cancer.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- MicroRNAs in cancer metastasis: biological and therapeutic implications.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2023Review
- MicroRNA as a Diagnostic Tool, Therapeutic Target and Potential Biomarker in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Detection-Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Multiplexed shRNA-miRs as a candidate for anti HIV-1 therapy: strategies, challenges, and future potential.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2022Review
- MicroRNAs in T Cell-Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Friend or foe: RIG- I like receptors and diseases.Autoimmunity reviews · 2022Review
- Efficient TGF-β1 Delivery to Articular Chondrocytes In Vitro Using Agro-Based Liposomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- miRNA therapeutics in precision oncology: a natural premium to nurture.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2022Review
- [Non-Coding RNA and Innate Immune Signal Regulation].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2022Review
- The potential use of microRNAs as a therapeutic strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection.Archives of virology · 2021Review
- Lipid Nanocarriers for Anti-HIV Therapeutics: A Focus on Physicochemical Properties and Biotechnological Advances.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- The Role of MicroRNA as Clinical Biomarkers for Breast Cancer Surgery and Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Regulation of RIG-I-like receptor-mediated signaling: interaction between host and viral factors.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2021Review
- Immunostimulating RNA Delivered by P1500 PEGylated Cationic Liposomes Limits Influenza Infection in C57Bl/6 Mice.Pharmaceutics · 2020Article
- Challenges identifying efficacious miRNA therapeutics for cancer.Expert opinion on drug discovery · 2020Article
- The RNA-Binding Ubiquitin Ligase MEX3A Affects Glioblastoma Tumorigenesis by Inducing Ubiquitylation and Degradation of RIG-I.Cancers · 2020Article
- Efficient miRNA Inhibitor with GO-PEI Nanosheets for Osteosarcoma Suppression by Targeting PTEN.International journal of nanomedicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Synthetic microRNAs regulate gene expression when transfected into cells, and may be used in strategies for molecular therapy both in vitro and in vivo. Liposomal transfection reagents are frequently used as delivery vehicles in both settings. Here, we report on the immunological off-target effects observed following liposome transfection of synthetic microRNA-145 into human mesenchymal stem cells and human articular chondrocytes (hAC). The immune response was independent on endosome delivery and toll-like receptors (TLRs) but was mediated by retinoic acid inducible-gene 1 (RIG-I). Upregulation of immune genes required liposomal delivery, as no immune response was observed after electroporation of smiR-145 directly in to the cytosol, suggesting a new role of RIG-I. Immune response was seen both with blunt ended and 2-nucleotide 3' overhang versions of synthetic miR-145, and occurred in the absence of a 5'ppp cap. Mutations in a centrally placed poly (UUUU) sequence reduced, but did not abolish the immune response. Interestingly, exposure to liposomes alone led to upregulation of several immune genes, including RIG-I mRNA. However, this process was not mediated by RIG-I. This insight is important for researchers to avoid unexpected results from gene transfer experiments in vitro and unwanted immune responses following the use of lipid-based transfection reagents in vivo.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.