Trial reportImmunology2013
TGR5 signalling inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by in vitro differentiated inflammatory and intestinal macrophages in Crohn's disease.
Trial report in Immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 206 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Bile Acids Metabolism in Crohn's Disease: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Interventions.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Exploring the research progression and evolutionary trends of gut microbiome and hypertension: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Artificial Liver Support Effectively Removes Immunosuppressive Bile Acids From Circulation in Patients With Severe Liver Failure: A Proof of Concept Study.Critical care explorations · 2026Trial
- Potential premalignant status of gastric portion excluded after Roux en-Y gastric bypass in obese women: A pilot study.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Divergent effects of resistance and endurance exercise on plasma bile acids, FGF19, and FGF21 in humans.JCI insight · 2018Trial
- Extract from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Leaves alleviates APAP-induced acute liver injury via reshaping gut microbiota and attenuating microbial bile acids metabolism disorder.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Translating gut microbiome research into therapies for type 1 diabetes.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Microbiota-metabolite axis in endometriosis: Pathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications.Journal of biomedical research · 2026Article
- Loss of TGR5-activating bile acids is associated with disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Short-chain Fatty Acids and Bile Acids Signaling in Chronic Hepatitis B.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2026Review
- Role of gut microbiota metabolites in maintaining intestinal health and preventing weaning-associated diarrhea in piglets.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2026Review
- Review
- Gut-brain axis: beneficial impact of Shouchella clausii spores on fructose induced dysfunction is associated with modulation of the deoxycholic acid - TGR5 pathway.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Multi-omics atlas of the bovine coronavirus-infected calf jejunum: reduction of Phocaeicola coprophilus and deoxycholic acid linked to Th17/Treg imbalance.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Arrb2 in hepatocytes promotes M2 macrophage polarization, ameliorates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury through upregulating metabolite 6-ketoLCA.Hepatology communications · 2026Article
- A novel TGR5 agonist Sauchinone ameliorates IMQ induced murine psoriasis by regulating macrophage polarization.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- The gut-liver axis modulates intestinal immune homeostasis.Mucosal immunology · 2026Review
- Interactions of bile acids and gut microbiota modulate neurological health: a comprehensive review on mechanisms and therapeutic potential of dietary phytochemicals.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Metabolism-Driven Modulation by the Human Microbiota: Implications for Cancer Therapy and Emerging Strategies.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Secondary bile acid lithocholic acid ameliorates colitis-like inflammation in a human intestine-on-chip system.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) play important roles not only in lipid metabolism, but also in signal transduction. TGR5, a transmembrane receptor of BAs, is an immunomodulative factor, but its detailed mechanism remains unclear. Here, we aimed to delineate how BAs operate in immunological responses via the TGR5 pathway in human mononuclear cell lineages. We examined TGR5 expression in human peripheral blood monocytes, several types of in vitro differentiated macrophages (Mϕs) and dendritic cells. Mϕs differentiated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interferon-γ (Mγ-Mϕs), which are similar to the human intestinal lamina propria CD14(+) Mϕs that contribute to Crohn's disease (CD) pathogenesis by production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, highly expressed TGR5 compared with any other type of differentiated Mϕ and dendritic cells. We also showed that a TGR5 agonist and two types of BAs, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, could inhibit tumour necrosis factor-α production in Mγ-Mϕs stimulated by commensal bacterial antigen or lipopolysaccharide. This inhibitory effect was mediated by the TGR5-cAMP pathway to induce phosphorylation of c-Fos that regulated nuclear factor-κB p65 activation. Next, we analysed TGR5 levels in lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) obtained from the intestinal mucosa of patients with CD. Compared with non-inflammatory bowel disease, inflamed CD LPMCs contained more TGR5 transcripts. Among LPMCs, isolated CD14(+) intestinal Mϕs from patients with CD expressed TGR5. In isolated intestinal CD14(+) Mϕs, a TGR5 agonist could inhibit tumour necrosis factor-α production. These results indicate that TGR5 signalling may have the potential to modulate immune responses in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.