ArticlePloS one2013
High efficiency of antiviral CD4(+) killer T cells.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their dual role in modulating blood-brain barrier integrity in immune-mediated neurological pathologies.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Cytotoxic CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Assessment of the cytolytic potential of a multivirus-targeted T cell therapy using a vital dye-based, flow cytometric assay.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Neutralizing antibody and T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern following ChAdOx-1 or BNT162b2 boosting in the elderly previously immunized with CoronaVac vaccine.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2022Article
- CD4Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Next-generation T cell-activating vaccination increases influenza virus mutation prevalence.Science advances · 2022Article
- CTLs: Killers of intracellular bacteria.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Host immune response against DENV and ZIKV infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Treg-Resistant Cytotoxic CD4International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Immunity to Influenza Infection in Humans.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- Mucosal IL-4R antagonist HIV vaccination with SOSIP-gp140 booster can induce high-quality cytotoxic CD4Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Identification of protective T-cell antigens for smallpox vaccines.Cytotherapy · 2020Article
- Chemokine Signatures of Pathogen-Specific T Cells I: Effector T Cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- Cytomegalovirus Coinfection Is Associated with Increased Vascular-Homing CD57Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- Producing Soluble Human Programmed Cell Death Protein-1: A Natural Supporter for CD4+T Cell Cytotoxicity and Tumor Cells Apoptosis.Iranian journal of biotechnology · 2019Article
- Aging boosts antiviral CD8+T cell memory through improved engagement of diversified recall response determinants.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- Distinct and complementary roles of CD4 T cells in protective immunity to influenza virus.Current opinion in immunology · 2018Review
- Article
- Many Th Cell Subsets Have Fas Ligand-Dependent Cytotoxic Potential.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2018Article
- Fighting Viral Infections and Virus-Driven Tumors with Cytotoxic CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The destruction of infected cells by cytotxic T lymphocytes (CTL) is integral to the effective control of viral and bacterial diseases, and CTL function at large has long been regarded as a distinctive property of the CD8(+)T cell subset. In contrast, and despite their first description more than three decades ago, the precise contribution of cytotoxic CD4(+)T cells to the resolution of infectious diseases has remained a matter of debate. In particular, the CTL activity of pathogen-specific CD4(+) "helper" T cells constitutes a single trait among a diverse array of other T cell functionalities, and overall appears considerably weaker than the cytolytic capacity of CD8(+) effector T cells. Here, using an in vivo CTL assay, we report that cytotoxic CD4(+)T cells are readily generated against both viral and bacterial pathogens, and that the efficiency of MHC-II-restricted CD4(+)T cell killing adjusted for effector:target cell ratios, precise specificities and functional avidities is comparable in magnitude to that of CD8(+)T cells. In fact, the only difference between specific CD4(+) and CD8(+)T cells pertains to the slightly delayed killing kinetics of the former demonstrating that potent CTL function is a cardinal property of both antiviral CD8(+) and CD4(+)T cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.