ArticleAmerican journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology2013
Chlorine gas exposure increases susceptibility to invasive lung fungal infection.
Article in American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combined FXIII-C3 autoantibodies elicit bleeding and complement dysfunction in autoimmune FXIII deficiency.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Lethality is local, but survival is systemic: Temporal and multi-organ responses to chlorine gas exposure in a murine model.Current research in toxicology · 2026Article
- Countermeasures against Pulmonary Threat Agents.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Review
- Article
- Halogen-Induced Chemical Injury to the Mammalian Cardiopulmonary Systems.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Review
- Toxic effects of chlorine gas and potential treatments: a literature review.Toxicology mechanisms and methods · 2021Review
- Transient receptor potential channels in pulmonary chemical injuries and as countermeasure targets.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2020Article
- Halogen exposure injury in the developing lung.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2020Review
- Instillation of hyaluronan reverses acid instillation injury to the mammalian blood gas barrier.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2018Article
- Nitrite therapy prevents chlorine gas toxicity in rabbits.Toxicology letters · 2017Article
- Chlorine-induced cardiopulmonary injury.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2016Review
- Heme Attenuation Ameliorates Irritant Gas Inhalation-Induced Acute Lung Injury.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2016Article
- Respiratory syncytial virus infection increases chlorine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2015Article
- Upregulation of autophagy decreases chlorine-induced mitochondrial injury and lung inflammation.Free radical biology & medicine · 2015Article
- Chlorine inhalation-induced myocardial depression and failure.Physiological reports · 2015Article
- Hyaluronan mediates airway hyperresponsiveness in oxidative lung injury.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2015Article
- Enhanced inflammation in aged mice following infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is associated with decreased IL-10 and augmented chemokine production.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2015Article
- Abnormal epithelial structure and chronic lung inflammation after repair of chlorine-induced airway injury.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2015Article
- Novel regulators of endothelial barrier function.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2014Review
- A critical review of the American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology: 2012-2015.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chlorine (Cl₂) is a highly irritating and reactive gas with potential occupational and environmental hazards. Acute exposure to Cl₂ induces severe epithelial damage, airway hyperreactivity, impaired alveolar fluid clearance, and pulmonary edema in the presence of heightened inflammation and significant neutrophil accumulation in the lungs. Herein, we investigated whether Cl₂ exposure affected the lung antimicrobial immune response leading to increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Mice exposed to Cl₂ and challenged intratracheally 24 h thereafter with the opportunistic mold Aspergillus fumigatus demonstrated an >500-fold increase in A. fumigatus lung burden 72 h postchallenge compared with A. fumigatus mice exposed to room air. Cl₂-exposed A. fumigatus challenged mice also demonstrated significantly higher lung resistance following methacholine challenge and increased levels of plasma proteins (albumin and IgG) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Despite enhanced recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lungs of Cl₂-exposed A. fumigatus challenged mice, these cells (>60% of which were neutrophils) demonstrated a profound impairment in generating superoxide. Significantly higher A. fumigatus burden in the lungs of Cl₂ exposed mice correlated with enhanced production of IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL3. Surprisingly, however, Cl₂-exposed A. fumigatus challenged mice had a specific impairment in the production of IL-17A and IL-22 in the lungs compared with mice exposed to room air and challenged with A. fumigatus. In summary, our results indicate that Cl₂ exposure markedly impairs the antimicrobial activity and inflammatory reactivity of myeloid cells in the lung leading to increased susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.