Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23562942›Full record

ArticleNeuroscience2013

Chronic co-administration of nicotine and methamphetamine causes differential expression of immediate early genes in the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens of rats.

F Saint-Preux, L R Bores, I Tulloch, B Ladenheim, R Kim, P K Thanos, N D Volkow, J L Cadet

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neuroscience, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 32% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

F Saint-PreuxMolecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
L R Bores
I Tulloch
B Ladenheim
R Kim
P K Thanos
N D Volkow
J L Cadet
National Institute on Drug Abuse · USBrookhaven National Laboratory · US

Funding

Neurotoxicity in the adult rat following chronic exposure to methamphetamineZIADA000552 · NIDA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE · PI CADET, JEAN LUD · 2009 to 2025
$34.3M
Neurobiology of Substance Abuse & Addiction - Preclinical StudiesZIAAA000551 · NIAAA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM · PI VOLKOW, NORA D. · 2009 to 2013
$8.2M
Protective effects of DA antagonists Vs METH induced toxicity in ratsZIADA000551 · NIDA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE · PI CADET, JEAN LUD · 2009 to 2016
$4.7M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA DA000552
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nicotine and methamphetamine (METH) cause addiction by triggering neuroplastic changes in brain reward pathways though they each engage distinct molecular targets (nicotine receptors and dopamine transporters respectively). Addiction to both drugs is very prevalent, with the vast majority of METH users also being smokers of cigarettes. This co-morbid occurrence thus raised questions about potential synergistic rewarding effects of the drugs. However, few studies have investigated the chronic neurobiological changes associated with co-morbid nicotine and METH addiction. Here we investigated the effects of these two drugs alone and in combination on the expression of several immediate early genes (IEGs) that are sensitive to drug exposures. Chronic exposure to either nicotine or METH caused significant decreases in the expression of fosb, fra1, and fra2 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) but not in the dorsal striatum whereas the drug combination increased fra2 expression in both structures. Except for junB mRNA levels that were decreased by the three drug treatments in the NAc, there were no significant changes in the Jun family members. Of the Egr family members, NAc egr2 expression was decreased after nicotine and the drug combination whereas NAc egr3 was decreased after METH and the drug combination. The drug combination also increased striatal egr3 expression. The Nr4a family member, nr4a2/nurr1, showed increased striatal expression after all three drug treatments, while striatal nr4a3/nor-1 expression was increased by the drug combination whereas NAc nr4a1/nurr77 was decreased by nicotine and the drug combination. These observations suggest that, when given in combination, the two drugs exert distinct effects on the expression of IEGs in dopaminergic projection areas from those elicited by each drug alone. The significance of these changes in IEG expression and in other molecular markers in fostering co-morbid METH and nicotine abuse needs to be further evaluated.

Indexed as

AnimalsCentral Nervous System StimulantsCorpus StriatumGene Expression RegulationGenes, Immediate-EarlyMaleMethamphetamineNicotineNicotinic AgonistsNucleus AccumbensRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionSmokingSubstance-Related DisordersCentral Nervous System StimulantsMethamphetamineNicotineNicotinic Agonists

Identifiers

PMID23562942
PMCPMC3665347
OpenAlexW1965234850

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.