ReviewPharmacology & therapeutics2013
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9: a proximal biomarker for cardiac remodeling and a distal biomarker for inflammation.
Review in Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 143 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
143 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of Colchicine in reducing MMP-9, NOX2, and TGF- β1 after myocardial infarction.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023Trial
- Clinical improvement of DM1 patients reflected by reversal of disease-induced gene expression in blood.BMC medicine · 2022Trial
- Emerging evidence of neutrophil extracellular traps in essential hypertension and target organ damage: pathophysiological insights and therapeutic implications.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Review
- Aerobic Endurance Training Modulates Cardiac Renin-Angiotensin System Peptides and Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity During Chronic Stress.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Exploring Serum Biomarker Levels in Tetralogy of Fallot, Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, and Healthy Children.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- The Emerging Role of Mechanobiology in Connecting Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases: From Fundamentals to Future Therapies.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- The protein-protein interaction network analysis in idiopathic posterior uveitis.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Macrophage surface protein Mac-2 mediates inflammatory and stromal stress pathways in doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Early Post-STEMI Cardiac Rehabilitation in the CSC-Infarct Program: Real-World Safety and Effectiveness of Individualized Training Protocols.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The Yin and Yang of copper in cardiovascular health and disease.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- Deciphering the clinical implication of an obesity-related gene signature as the novel biomarker for acute myocardial infarction diagnosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cell line-specific estrogen responses uncover functional sex differences in murine macrophages.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Vitamin B17 alleviates Sorafenib-induced cardiotoxicity in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma mice via modulation of inflammatory and fibrotic pathways.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Adaptive and Pathological Changes of the Cardiac Muscle in a Mouse Model of Renocardiac Syndrome: The Role of Nestin-Positive Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The cGAS-STING pathway promotes acute ischemia-induced neutropoiesis and neutrophil priming in the bone marrow.Basic research in cardiology · 2025Article
- Myocardial transcriptomic and proteomic landscapes across the menopausal continuum in a murine model of chemically induced accelerated ovarian failure.Physiological genomics · 2025Article
- The Role of the Extracellular Matrix in Inducing Cardiac Cell Regeneration and Differentiation.Cells · 2025Review
- Prognostic Value of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in Patients Following Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Mechanically and Chemically Defined PEG Hydrogels Improve Reproducibility in Human Cardioid Development.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
83 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Adverse cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) remains a significant cause of congestive heart failure. Additional and novel strategies that improve our ability to predict, diagnose, or treat remodeling are needed. Numerous groups have explored single and multiple biomarker strategies to identify diagnostic prognosticators of remodeling progression, which will improve our ability to promptly and accurately identify high-risk individuals. The identification of better clinical indicators should further lead to more effective prediction and timely treatment. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) is one potential biomarker for cardiac remodeling, as demonstrated by both animal models and clinical studies. In animal MI models, MMP-9 expression significantly increases and is linked with inflammation, diabetic microvascular complications, extracellular matrix degradation and synthesis, and cardiac dysfunction. Clinical studies have also established a relationship between MMP-9 and post-MI remodeling and mortality, making MMP-9 a viable candidate to add to the multiple biomarker list. By definition, a proximal biomarker shows a close relationship with its target disease, whereas a distal biomarker exhibits non-targeted disease modifying outcomes. In this review, we explore the ability of MMP-9 to serve as a proximal biomarker for cardiac remodeling and a distal biomarker for inflammation. We summarize the current molecular basis and clinical platform that allow us to include MMP-9 as a biomarker in both categories.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.