Observational studyThe British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners2013
Prevalence of urinary tract infection in acutely unwell children in general practice: a prospective study with systematic urine sampling.
Observational study in The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Features for the Diagnosis of Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Annals of family medicinePooled it
- Faster clean catch urine collection (Quick-Wee method) from infants: randomised controlled trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2017Trial
- Trends in Positive Urine Culture Rates and Antimicrobial Resistance in Non-Hospitalized Children from Western Romania: A Retrospective Observational Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Uropathogens and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Profile at a Pediatric Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Article
- Rates of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections in Hospitalized Non-Immunocompromised Pediatric Patients: A 9-Year Retrospective Study at a Lebanese Tertiary Medical Center.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- The Effects of Diet, Dietary Supplements, Drugs and Exercise on Physical, Diagnostic Values of Urine Characteristics.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Paediatric Escherichia coli urinary tract infection: susceptibility trends and clinical management-a retrospective analysis of a 10-year period.Irish journal of medical science · 2024Article
- Assessment of Medical Test Overuse and Its Impact on Pediatric Emergency Department Outcomes in Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in a University Hospital in Lithuania.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Risk Factors for Urinary Tract Infections in Children with Hematuria in the Emergency Department.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Pediatric Uropathogens and their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern: Experience from an Impoverished District of Karachi, Pakistan.Clinical medicine insights. Pediatrics · 2024Article
- External Validation of the UTICalc with and Without Race for Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection.The Journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Clinical prediction rules for childhood urinary tract infections: a cross-sectional study in ambulatory care.BJGP open · 2022Article
- GPs' perspectives on diagnosing childhood urinary tract infections: a qualitative study.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2022Article
- The Association Between Vitamin D and Urinary Tract Infection in Children: A Case-Control Study.Cureus · 2022Article
- Examination of Complementary Medicine for Treating Urinary Tract Infections Among Pregnant Women and Children.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Urine collection methods and dipstick testing in non-toilet-trained children.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Review
- Diaper Need Is Associated with Pediatric Care Use: An Analysis of a Nationally Representative Sample of Parents of Young Children.The Journal of pediatrics · 2021Article
- What's the catch? Urine sample collection from young pre-continent children: a qualitative study in primary care.BJGP open · 2020Article
- Diaper-embedded urine test device for the screening of urinary tract infections in children: a cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUrinary tract infection (UTI) in children may be associated with long-term complications that could be prevented by prompt treatment.
aimTo determine the prevalence of UTI in acutely ill children ≤ 5 years presenting in general practice and to explore patterns of presenting symptoms and urine sampling strategies. DESIGN AND
settingProspective observational study with systematic urine sampling, in general practices in Wales, UK.
methodIn total, 1003 children were recruited from 13 general practices between March 2008 and July 2010. The prevalence of UTI was determined and multivariable analysis performed to determine the probability of UTI.
resultOut of 597 (60.0%) children who provided urine samples within 2 days, the prevalence of UTI was 5.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.3% to 8.0%) overall, 7.3% in those < 3 years and 3.2% in 3-5 year olds. Neither a history of fever nor the absence of an alternative source of infection was associated with UTI (P = 0.64; P = 0.69, respectively). The probability of UTI in children aged ≥3 years without increased urinary frequency or dysuria was 2%. The probability of UTI was ≥5% in all other groups. Urine sampling based purely on GP suspicion would have missed 80% of UTIs, while a sampling strategy based on current guidelines would have missed 50%.
conclusionApproximately 6% of acutely unwell children presenting to UK general practice met the criteria for a laboratory diagnosis of UTI. This higher than previously recognised prior probability of UTI warrants raised awareness of the condition and suggests clinicians should lower their threshold for urine sampling in young children. The absence of fever or presence of an alternative source of infection, as emphasised in current guidelines, may not rule out UTI in young children with adequate certainty.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.