ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2013
A tissue-like printed material.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 182 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
182 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Signal-induced recruitment and dispatchment in reconfigurable phase-separated protocell networks.Nature chemistry · 2026Article
- Smart Bioinks for 4D Bioprinting: Requirements, Design, and Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Microdroplets jam together to mimic soft tissues.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Jammed interconnected bilayer emulsions as 3D-printable biological tissue mimics.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Sonicated inks and focused-ultrasound writing enable deep-penetration acoustic volumetric printing.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Prototissues: Assembly strategies, collective behaviors, and emerging applications.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- One-step construction of robust protocells and prototissues in water.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Multi-Material Droplet-Based Hydrogel Threads for Extrusion 3D Printing.Small methods · 2026Article
- Liquid-in-Liquid Prints: High-Density Biochemically Encoded Information Preserved in Microdroplet Arrays.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Synthetic Cell-Based Tissues for Bottom-Up Assembly of Artificial Lymphatic Organs.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Controlled assembly and sophisticated additive manufacturing of macroscopic droplets.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Metabolism-based artificial organelles: From precise construction to smart theranostics.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Skin-on-chip: Quo vadis?APL bioengineering · 2025Review
- Intercalant Aggregation Promotes Nanoscopic Depletion in Droplet Interface Bilayers.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2025Article
- A Photonastic Prototissue Capable of Photo-Mechano-Chemical Transduction.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Transformative bioprinting: 4D printing and its role in the evolution of engineering and personalized medicine.Discover nano · 2025Review
- High-Resolution Patterned Delivery of Chemical Signals From 3D-Printed Picoliter Droplet Networks.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- 4D printing polymeric biomaterials for adaptive tissue regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Cytomimetic calcification in chemically self-regulated prototissues.Nature communications · 2025Article
122 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Living cells communicate and cooperate to produce the emergent properties of tissues. Synthetic mimics of cells, such as liposomes, are typically incapable of cooperation and therefore cannot readily display sophisticated collective behavior. We printed tens of thousands of picoliter aqueous droplets that become joined by single lipid bilayers to form a cohesive material with cooperating compartments. Three-dimensional structures can be built with heterologous droplets in software-defined arrangements. The droplet networks can be functionalized with membrane proteins; for example, to allow rapid electrical communication along a specific path. The networks can also be programmed by osmolarity gradients to fold into otherwise unattainable designed structures. Printed droplet networks might be interfaced with tissues, used as tissue engineering substrates, or developed as mimics of living tissue.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.