ReviewBMC medicine2013
Phosphodiesterase 4-targeted treatments for autoimmune diseases.
Review in BMC medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ART-648, a PDE4 inhibitor in healthy subjects: A randomized, placebo-controlled phase I study.Clinical and translational science · 2024Trial
- Characterization of LY2775240, a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, in nonclinical models and in healthy subjects.Clinical and translational science · 2021Trial
- Integrated Biochemical and Cellular Validation of SIP0401 as an Isoform-preferential PDE4B Inhibitor.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Potential neuroprotective and therapeutic agents and their mechanisms for irradiation-induced brain injury.Ibrain · 2026Review
- Sex-specific adverse event profiles of PDE4 inhibitors: a comparative big-data pharmacovigilance study of apremilast, crisaborole, and roflumilast in FAERS (2004-2025).Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Protein-protein interactions shape trans-regulatory impact of genetic variation on protein expression and complex traits.Nature genetics · 2026Article
- Effect of Dipyridamole on Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis: Reprogrammed Immune Cell Landscape and Reduced Th17 Pathogenicity.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases as drug targets.Pharmacological reviews · 2025Review
- Zymography: Unveiling Matrix Metalloproteinase Dynamics.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Endothelial phosphodiesterase 4B inactivation ameliorates endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and pulmonary hypertension.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Article
- Design, synthesis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic studies of novel quinazoline derivatives as phosphodiesterase 7 inhibitors.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- PDE4 Phosphodiesterases in Cardiovascular Diseases: Key Pathophysiological Players and Potential Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Ginger intake suppresses neutrophil extracellular trap formation in autoimmune mice and healthy humans.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Phosphodiesterase 5a Signalling in Skeletal Muscle Pathophysiology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- An Overview of PDE4 Inhibitors in Clinical Trials: 2010 to Early 2022.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Assessment of Selective Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in a Mouse Model of Autoimmune Hepatitis.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2022Article
- Diabetes-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs: The Roles of DMARDs as Glucose-Lowering Agents.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- Clinical Implication of Phosphodiesterase-4-Inhibition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Innovative, complementary and alternative therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases: A broad 2020s update.Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The protective effect of the PDE-4 inhibitor rolipram on intracerebral haemorrhage is associated with the cAMP/AMPK/SIRT1 pathway.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Advancements in phosphodiesterase (PDE)-targeted therapies have shown promise in recent years for treating patients with a variety of autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the development of PDE4 inhibitors and the associated literature with a focus on treatments for autoimmune diseases. After the initial investigations of the prototypic PDE inhibitor, rolipram, more selective inhibitors targeting the PDE4 isozyme have been developed. With phase II and phase III clinical trials currently underway to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the latest generation of PDE4 inhibitors, namely apremilast, a new class of treatments may be around the corner for patients suffering from chronic, autoimmune diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.