ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2013
Novel insights into the genetic diversity of Balantidium and Balantidium-like cyst-forming ciliates.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Medical Parasitology Taxonomy Update, 2016-2017.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2019Pooled it
- Morphological and molecular characterization of an undescribed vestibuliferid ciliate from the captive-bred naked mole-rat,International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2026Article
- From farm to flask: stable genotypes and shifting microbiomes in the ecological dynamics of Balantioides coli from a One Health perspective.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Gastrointestinal parasites circulating in wild boars from central Italy and molecular characterization of Balantioides coli, Blastocystis sp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi.Parasitology research · 2026Article
- First molecular detection and phylogenetic characterization of Balantioides coli in lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris).Parasitology research · 2026Article
- Development of a multilocus sequence typing tool forJournal of clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Molecular evidence of host specificity in Buxtonella-like ciliates in mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) and related primates.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Protist community sites and structure under two barn management systems at a commercial dairy.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2026Article
- One health approach to Balantioides coli: Molecular and metabarcoding evidence of zoonotic transmission.PloS one · 2026Article
- Development and application of a novel beta-tubulin genotyping tool reveals host-specific transmission cluster in Balantioides coli.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections inAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- First Molecular Characterization of the Zoonotic Parasite Balantioides coli in Brachyteles hypoxanthus Wied, 1820 (Primate: Atelidae) in Brazil.Journal of medical primatology · 2025Article
- Prevalence and molecular characterisation of Balantioides coli in pigs raised in Italy.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- Diversity of the Amoebozoa and Ciliophora Groups in Non-Human Primates Kept Ex Situ and in Their Handlers in Different Institutions in Brazil.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Screening for the ciliate Buxtonella sulcata in free-ranging dairy cattle on Terceira Island, Azores archipelago.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2025Article
- The Phylogenetic Characterization ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Zoonotic Parasites in Artiodactyls with Emphasis on the Feral Boar in the Atlantic Forest, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- The energy metabolism of Balantidium polyvacuolum inhabiting the hindgut of Xenocypris davidi.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Molecular Detection and Distribution ofTransboundary and emerging diseases · 2023Article
- Intestinal parasites infecting captive non-human primates in Italy.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Balantidiasis is considered a neglected zoonotic disease with pigs serving as reservoir hosts. However, Balantidium coli has been recorded in many other mammalian species, including primates. Here, we evaluated the genetic diversity of B. coli in non-human primates using two gene markers (SSrDNA and ITS1-5.8SDNA-ITS2). We analyzed 49 isolates of ciliates from fecal samples originating from 11 species of captive and wild primates, domestic pigs and wild boar. The phylogenetic trees were computed using Bayesian inference and Maximum likelihood. Balantidium entozoon from edible frog and Buxtonella sulcata from cattle were included in the analyses as the closest relatives of B. coli, as well as reference sequences of vestibuliferids. The SSrDNA tree showed the same phylogenetic diversification of B. coli at genus level as the tree constructed based on the ITS region. Based on the polymorphism of SSrDNA sequences, the type species of the genus, namely B. entozoon, appeared to be phylogenetically distinct from B. coli. Thus, we propose a new genus Neobalantidium for the homeothermic clade. Moreover, several isolates from both captive and wild primates (excluding great apes) clustered with B. sulcata with high support, suggesting the existence of a new species within this genus. The cysts of Buxtonella and Neobalantidium are morphologically indistinguishable and the presence of Buxtonella-like ciliates in primates opens the question about possible occurrence of these pathogens in humans.
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