ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2013
S. haematobium as a common cause of genital morbidity in girls: a cross-sectional study of children in South Africa.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01154907 (Prevention of HIV and Improved Diagnosis of Adolescent Genital Disease in Bilharzia Endemic KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa), which is not on this map. Cited by 57 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Prevention of HIV and Improved Diagnosis of Adolescent Genital Disease in Bilharzia Endemic KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) in migrants - a systematic review of reported cases.BMC women's health · 2026Pooled it
- Schistosomiasis endemicity and its role in sexually transmitted infections - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in parasitology · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review of handheld tools in lieu of colposcopy for cervical neoplasia and female genital schistosomiasis.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2021Pooled it
- Determinants of Urogenital Schistosomiasis Among Pregnant Women and its Association With Pregnancy Outcomes, Neonatal Deaths, and Child Growth.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Trial
- Cervicovaginal Immune Activation in Zambian Women With Female Genital Schistosomiasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Treating schistosomiasis among South African high school pupils in an endemic area, a qualitative study.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- Prevalence and associated risk factors of self-reported symptoms suggestive of female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) among women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Acceptability and feasibility of one-stop home-based genital self-sampling for female genital schistosomiasis, human papilloma virus and self-testing for trichomonas and HIV: the Zipime Weka Schista study in Zambia.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Water-Energy-Food Security and Health in South Africa: A Scoping Review.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Diagnosis of female genital schistosomiasis and pre-emptive treatment with praziquantel: a community-based pilot intervention study in Tiko, Cameroon.Reproductive health · 2026Article
- Systemic and capacity barriers to female genital schistosomiasis management among healthcare workers in Ghana: a mixed-method approach.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2025Article
- 'Female Genital Schistosomiasis: Translational Challenges and Opportunities' - outputs and actions from a consultative, collaborative and translational workshop.Parasitology · 2025Review
- Visual diagnostics for female genital schistosomiasis and the opportunity for improvement using computer vision.Parasitology · 2025Review
- Female genital schistosomiasis in Ghana: An exploration of knowledge, attitudes, and practice among women of reproductive age.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Female genital schistosomiasis presenting with nonspecific symptoms: diagnostic challenges of vulvar schistosomiasis in a resource-limited setting-a case report.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2025Article
- Institutionalising urogenital schistosomiasis surveillance: Best practices to improve female genital and urinary schistosomiasis control in South Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Schistosomiasis Interventions in Africa: Assessment and Systematic Review.Journal of parasitology research · 2025Review
- Female Genital Schistosomiasis as a Cause of Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Case Report.Case reports in pathology · 2025Article
- Predictors for participation in mass-treatment and female genital schistosomiasis re-investigation, and the effect of praziquantel treatment in South African adolescents.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Female Genital Schistosomiasis: A Neglected among the Neglected Tropical Diseases.Microorganisms · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSchistosoma (S.) haematobium infection is a common cause of genital morbidity in adult women. Ova in the genital mucosal lining may cause lesions, bleeding, pain, discharge, and the damaged surfaces may pose a risk for HIV. In a heterogeneous schistosomiasis endemic area in South Africa, we sought to investigate if young girls had genital symptoms and if this was associated with urinary S. haematobium. METHODOLOGY: In a cross-sectional study of 18 randomly chosen primary schools, we included 1057 schoolgirls between the age of 10 and 12 years. We interviewed assenting girls, whose parents had consented to their participation and examined three urines from each of them for schistosome ova. PRINCIPAL
findingsOne third of the girls reported to have a history of genital symptoms. Prior schistosomal infection was reported by 22% (226/1020), this was associated with current genital symptoms (p<0.001). In regression analysis the genital symptoms were significantly associated both with urinary schistosomiasis (p<0.001) and water contact (p<0.001).
conclusionsEven before sexually active age, a relatively large proportion of the participating girls had similar genital symptoms to those reported for adult genital schistosomiasis previously. Anti-schistosomal treatment should be considered at a young age in order to prevent chronic genital damage and secondary infections such as HIV, sexually transmitted diseases and other super-infections.
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