ArticlePloS one2013
The paratenon contributes to scleraxis-expressing cells during patellar tendon healing.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers.
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Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nano-layered tendon patch to orchestrate timely interactions between tendon stem/progenitor cells and macrophages.Biomaterials · 2027Article
- PIEZO1 Is a Contextual Mechanosensor and Its Depletion in Scx-Lineage Cells Accelerates Structural and Functional Recovery.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Prolyl-Hydroxyproline Promotes Structural Matrix Organization in 3D Equine Tendon Proper and Peritenon Post-Injury Model.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2026Article
- Loss of type III collagen has limited effect on tendon healing in young adult mice.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2026Article
- Recent advances in immunoregulatory biomaterials for tendon healing: From immune remodeling to functional regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Collagen III Deficiency Following Injury in Female Murine Tendons Alters Matrix Composition, Structure, Organization and Function.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2026Article
- Grafts in tendon repair.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- The Secretome From Mechanically Loaded Myoblasts Enhances Tenocyte-Mediated Wound Healing in a 3D In Vitro Tendon Model.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Cellular and molecular landscapes of human tendons across the lifespan revealed by spatial and single-cell transcriptomics.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Regional FDL tendon properties are regulated by biglycan in a collagen VI-independent manner.Matrix biology plus · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of Tendon Healing in a Clinically Relevant Mouse Model of Achilles Tendon Repair.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2026Article
- Biomimetic Scaffolds with Dual Gradients of Biological Effectors for Tendon-to-Bone Repair.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Improvement responses in patellar tendinopathy patients treated with ultrasound-guided galvanic electrolysis technique: A 3-year follow-up study.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Epitenon-derived progenitors drive fibrosis and regeneration after flexor tendon injury in a spatially-dependent manner.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Stem and progenitor cells in the synovial joint as targets for regenerative therapy.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2025Review
- Il-6 signaling exacerbates hallmarks of chronic tendon disease by stimulating reparative fibroblasts.eLife · 2025Article
- Single-cell sequencing reveals cellular heterogeneity and molecular mechanisms in tendon and enthesis injury repair.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Augmentation of Tendon and Ligament Repair with Fiber-Reinforced Hydrogel Composites.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Review
- Molecular mechanisms of mechanosensing and plasticity of tendons and ligaments.Journal of biochemistry · 2024Review
- Limb connective tissue is organized in a continuum of promiscuous fibroblast identities during development.iScience · 2024Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The origin of cells that contribute to tendon healing, specifically extrinsic epitenon/paratenon cells vs. internal tendon fibroblasts, is still debated. The purpose of this study is to determine the location and phenotype of cells that contribute to healing of a central patellar tendon defect injury in the mouse. Normal adult patellar tendon consists of scleraxis-expressing (Scx) tendon fibroblasts situated among aligned collagen fibrils. The tendon body is surrounded by paratenon, which consists of a thin layer of cells that do not express Scx and collagen fibers oriented circumferentially around the tendon. At 3 days following injury, the paratenon thickens as cells within the paratenon proliferate and begin producing tenascin-C and fibromodulin. These cells migrate toward the defect site and express scleraxis and smooth muscle actin alpha by day 7. The thickened paratenon tissue eventually bridges the tendon defect by day 14. Similarly, cells within the periphery of the adjacent tendon struts express these markers and become disorganized. Cells within the defect region show increased expression of fibrillar collagens (Col1a1 and Col3a1) but decreased expression of tenogenic transcription factors (scleraxis and mohawk homeobox) and collagen assembly genes (fibromodulin and decorin). By contrast, early growth response 1 and 2 are upregulated in these tissues along with tenascin-C. These results suggest that paratenon cells, which normally do not express Scx, respond to injury by turning on Scx and assembling matrix to bridge the defect. Future studies are needed to determine the signaling pathways that drive these cells and whether they are capable of producing a functional tendon matrix. Understanding this process may guide tissue engineering strategies in the future by stimulating these cells to improve tendon repair.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.