ArticlePLoS pathogens2013
The KdpD/KdpE two-component system: integrating K⁺ homeostasis and virulence.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers.
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Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Synergistic attenuation of Aeromonas dhakensis virulence by dual deletion of PhoBR and KdpE two-component systems and its protective immunity in zebrafish.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- The Potassium-Uptake Systems, Trk and Kdp, Coordinately Contribute to Growth Regulation and Survival ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
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- Genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from an outbreak in Northeastern Brazil: mechanisms of virulence and resistance.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
- Bacterial quorum-sensing systems in cell-cell communication.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- A small periplasmic protein governs broad physiological adaptations in Vibrio cholerae via regulation of the DbfRS two-component system.Nature communications · 2025Article
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- Mycobacterial MutT1-mediated dephosphorylation of the sensor histidine kinases reveals a new link in the regulation of the two-component signaling.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
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- Geography, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Genomics ofMicroorganisms · 2024Article
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The two-component system (TCS) KdpD/KdpE, extensively studied for its regulatory role in potassium (K(+)) transport, has more recently been identified as an adaptive regulator involved in the virulence and intracellular survival of pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, entero-haemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia pestis, Francisella species, Photorhabdus asymbiotica, and mycobacteria. Key homeostasis requirements monitored by KdpD/KdpE and other TCSs such as PhoP/PhoQ are critical to survival in the stressful conditions encountered by pathogens during host interactions. It follows these TCSs may therefore acquire adaptive roles in response to selective pressures associated with adopting a pathogenic lifestyle. Given the central role of K(+) in virulence, we propose that KdpD/KdpE, as a regulator of a high-affinity K(+) pump, has evolved virulence-related regulatory functions. In support of this hypothesis, we review the role of KdpD/KdpE in bacterial infection and summarize evidence that (i) KdpD/KdpE production is correlated with enhanced virulence and survival, (ii) KdpE regulates a range of virulence loci through direct promoter binding, and (iii) KdpD/KdpE regulation responds to virulence-related conditions including phagocytosis, exposure to microbicides, quorum sensing signals, and host hormones. Furthermore, antimicrobial stress, osmotic stress, and oxidative stress are associated with KdpD/KdpE activity, and the system's accessory components (which allow TCS fine-tuning or crosstalk) provide links to stress response pathways. KdpD/KdpE therefore appears to be an important adaptive TCS employed during host infection, promoting bacterial virulence and survival through mechanisms both related to and distinct from its conserved role in K(+) regulation.
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