ArticlePloS one2013
Novel association between plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 and risk of incident atrial fibrillation in a case-cohort study: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sedentary behavior with atrial fibrillation-related biomarkers in overweight or obese adults.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Trial
- Trial
- The Association Between Matrix Metalloproteinase-1, -2, -3, -9, and -12 Gene Polymorphisms and Atrial Fibrillation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Matrix metalloproteinases and risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the United Kingdom: A prospective cohort study with machine learning analysis.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Blood biomarkers and atrial remodeling in patients at risk of atrial fibrillation.Frontiers in molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Circulating collagen type I fragments as specific biomarkers of cardiovascular outcome risk: Where are the opportunities?Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2025Review
- The Effects of Chronic Immunosuppressive Treatment on Morphological Changes in Cardiac Tissue and the Balance between Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and Their Inhibitors in the Rat Heart.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A panel of blood biomarkers unique to sudden cardiac arrest.Heart rhythm · 2023Article
- Matrix Metalloproteinases in Cardioembolic Stroke: From Background to Complications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Regulation of Collagen I and Collagen III in Tissue Injury and Regeneration.Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- The Role of Major Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Pathogenesis of Atrial Fibrillation.The Journal of innovations in cardiac rhythm management · 2022Article
- Proteomics and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Older Adults (From the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities [ARIC] Study).The American journal of cardiology · 2021Article
- A Review of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Cardiac Fibrosis and Atrial Fibrillation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Racial difference in atrial size and extracellular matrix homeostatic response to hypertension: Is this a potential mechanism of reduced atrial fibrillation in African Americans?Heart rhythm O2 · 2021Article
- Noninvasive biomarker-based risk stratification for development of new onset atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery.International journal of cardiology · 2020Article
- Qiliqiangxin attenuates atrial structural remodeling in prolonged pacing-induced atrial fibrillation in rabbits.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2019Article
- Collagen Biomarkers and Incidence of New Onset of Atrial Fibrillation in Subjects With No Overt Cardiovascular Disease at Baseline: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology · 2018Article
- EHRA/HRS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus on atrial cardiomyopathies: Definition, characterization, and clinical implication.Heart rhythm · 2017Review
- EHRA/HRS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus on atrial cardiomyopathies: definition, characterization, and clinical implication.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2016Article
- Profibrotic pathways and atrial cardiomyopathy in persistent atrial fibrillation.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious cross-sectional studies have suggested that biomarkers of extracellular matrix remodelling are associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), but no prospective data have yet been published. Hence, we examine whether plasma matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their inhibitors are related to increased risk of incident AF.
methodsWe used a case-cohort design in the context of the prospective Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. From 13718 eligible men and women free from AF in 1990-92, we selected a stratified random sample of 500 individuals without and 580 with incident AF over a mean follow-up of 11.8 years. Using a weighted proportional hazards regression model, the relationships between MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, TIMP-2 and C-terminal propeptide of collagen type-I with incident AF were examined after adjusting for confounders.
resultsIn models adjusted for age, sex and race, all biomarkers were associated with AF, but only the relationship between plasma MMP-9 remained significant in the fully-adjusted model: each one standard deviation increase in MMP-9 was associated with 27% (95% Confidence Interval: 7% to 50%) increase in risk of AF with no evidence of an interaction with race or sex. Individuals with above mean levels of MMP-9 were more likely to be male, white and current smokers.
conclusionsThe findings suggest that elevated levels of MMP-9 are independently associated with increased risk of AF. However, given the lack of specificity of MMP-9 to atrial tissue, it remains to be determined whether the observed relationship reflects the impact of atrial fibrosis or more generalized fibrosis on risk of incident AF.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.