ArticlePloS one2013
The impact of HAART on the respiratory complications of HIV infection: longitudinal trends in the MACS and WIHS cohorts.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02975258 (Adiposity and Airway Inflammation in HIV-Associated Airway Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Adiposity and Airway Inflammation in HIV-Associated Airway Disease
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Recreational drug inhalation and socioenvironmental determinants of pulmonary infection in patients with HIV: a hospital-based case control study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Comparing the utility of lung function parameters and fractional exhaled nitric oxide in predicting lung cancer.Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG · 2024Article
- Molecular Study ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Paired ATAC- and RNA-seq offer insight into the impact of HIV on alveolar macrophages: a pilot study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- HIV-associated lung disease.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- A Bibliometric Analysis of Comorbidity of COPD and Lung Cancer: Research Status and Future Directions.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Article
- Viral infections in lung transplantation.Journal of thoracic disease · 2021Review
- Diagnosis and Management of HIV-Associated Pulmonary Diseases in a Ryan White-Funded Primary Care Setting.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2021Article
- Pharmacological considerations for the treatment of COVID-19 in people living with HIV (PLWH).Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy · 2021Article
- Differential Diagnosis of Fungal Pneumonias vs. Tuberculosis in AIDS Patients by Using Two New Molecular Methods.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Observational
- Observational
- Effect of marijuana smoking on pulmonary disease in HIV-infected and uninfected men: a longitudinal cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2019Article
- Outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus-infected recipients of heart transplants.Clinical transplantation · 2019Article
- Association of Marijuana Use with Changes in Cognitive Processing Speed and Flexibility for 17 Years in HIV-Seropositive and HIV-Seronegative Men.Substance use & misuse · 2019Article
- Factors Associated With Progression of Lung Function Abnormalities in HIV-Infected Individuals.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Article
- Pulmonary disease in HIV-infected adults in the era of antiretroviral therapy.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo review the incidence of respiratory conditions and their effect on mortality in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals prior to and during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
designTwo large observational cohorts of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men (Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study [MACS]) and women (Women's Interagency HIV Study [WIHS]), followed since 1984 and 1994, respectively.
methodsAdjusted odds or hazards ratios for incident respiratory infections or non-infectious respiratory diagnoses, respectively, in HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected individuals in both the pre-HAART (MACS only) and HAART eras; and adjusted Cox proportional hazard ratios for mortality in HIV-infected persons with lung disease during the HAART era.
resultsCompared to HIV-uninfected participants, HIV-infected individuals had more incident respiratory infections both pre-HAART (MACS, odds ratio [adjusted-OR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2-2.7; p<0.001) and after HAART availability (MACS, adjusted-OR, 1.5; 95%CI 1.3-1.7; p<0.001; WIHS adjusted-OR, 2.2; 95%CI 1.8-2.7; p<0.001). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was more common in MACS HIV-infected vs. HIV-uninfected participants pre-HAART (hazard ratio [adjusted-HR] 2.9; 95%CI, 1.02-8.4; p = 0.046). After HAART availability, non-infectious lung diseases were not significantly more common in HIV-infected participants in either MACS or WIHS participants. HIV-infected participants in the HAART era with respiratory infections had an increased risk of death compared to those without infections (MACS adjusted-HR, 1.5; 95%CI, 1.3-1.7; p<0.001; WIHS adjusted-HR, 1.9; 95%CI, 1.5-2.4; p<0.001).
conclusionHIV infection remained a significant risk for infectious respiratory diseases after the introduction of HAART, and infectious respiratory diseases were associated with an increased risk of mortality.
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