Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23554523›Full record

SynthesisBulletin of the World Health Organization2013

Mortality among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bradley M Mathers, Louisa Degenhardt, Chiara Bucello, James Lemon, Lucas Wiessing, Mathew Hickman

Registry-linked trialOpen access · diamondAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04790201 (Adaptation of the Friendship Bench Counseling Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Outcomes Among People Living With HIV Who Inject Drugs in Vietnam), which is not on this map. Cited by 239 papers, 16 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
239citing papers in PubMed, 16 pooled it
22.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04790201 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Adaptation of the Friendship Bench Counseling Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Outcomes Among People Living With HIV Who Inject Drugs in Vietnam

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel HillRan2022 to 2023Enrolled77ConditionsHIV Infections, Behavioral Symptoms, Depression, AnxietyArmsFriendship Bench Delivered by Professional Counselor, Friendship Bench Delivered by Lay Counselor, Enhanced Usual Care
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

239 citing papers in PubMed, 16 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 478 citations in OpenAlex.

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  2. Economic Evaluations of Establishing Opioid Overdose Prevention Centers in 12 North American Cities: A Systematic Review.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2024
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  16. Impact of Opioid Substitution Therapy on Antiretroviral Therapy Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016
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179 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Bradley M MathersThe Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. bmathers@kirby.unsw.edu.au
Louisa Degenhardt
Chiara Bucello
James Lemon
Lucas Wiessing
Mathew Hickman
UNSW Sydney · AUUniversity of Bristol · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council G1000021
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo systematically review cohort studies of mortality among people who inject drugs, examine mortality rates and causes of death in this group, and identify participant- and study-level variables associated with a higher risk of death.

methodsTailored search strings were used to search EMBASE, Medline and PsycINFO. The grey literature was identified through online grey literature databases. Experts were consulted to obtain additional studies and data. Random effects meta-analyses were performed to estimate pooled crude mortality rates (CMRs) and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs).

findingsSixty-seven cohorts of people who inject drugs were identified, 14 of them from low- and middle-income countries. The pooled CMR was 2.35 deaths per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval, CI: 2.12-2.58). SMRs were reported for 32 cohorts; the pooled SMR was 14.68 (95% CI: 13.01-16.35). Comparison of CMRs and the calculation of CMR ratios revealed mortality to be higher in low- and middle-income country cohorts, males and people who injected drugs that were positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It was also higher during off-treatment periods. Drug overdose and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were the primary causes of death across cohorts.

conclusionCompared with the general population, people who inject drugs have an elevated risk of death, although mortality rates vary across different settings. Any comprehensive approach to improving health outcomes in this group must include efforts to reduce HIV infection as well as other causes of death, particularly drug overdose.

Indexed as

Cause of DeathDatabases, BibliographicDrug OverdoseFemaleHIV SeropositivityHumansMaleSex DistributionSubstance Abuse, Intravenous

Identifiers

PMID23554523
PMCPMC3605003
OpenAlexW2132667916

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.