ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2013
Determinants and within-person variability of urinary cadmium concentrations among women in northern California.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of salivary cadmium levels and breast density in the Marin Women's Study.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Prenatal Cadmium Exposure and Maternal Sex Steroid Hormone Concentrations across Pregnancy.Toxics · 2023Article
- Passive Smoking Is Associated with Multiple Heavy Metal Concentrations among Housewives in Shanxi Province, China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Plant food intake is associated with lower cadmium body burden in middle-aged adults.European journal of nutrition · 2021Article
- Urinary cadmium and timing of menarche and pubertal development in girls.Environmental research · 2020Article
- Variability and exposure classification of urinary levels of non-essential metals aluminum, antimony, barium, thallium, tungsten and uranium in healthy adult men.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2019Article
- Temporal stability of urinary cadmium in samples collected several years apart in a population of older persons.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2019Article
- Determinants of Erythrocyte Lead Levels in 454 Adults in Florence, Italy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Prenatal Cadmium Exposure Is Negatively Associated With Adiposity in Girls Not Boys During Adolescence.Frontiers in public health · 2019Article
- Urine and toenail cadmium levels in pregnant women: A reliability study.Environment international · 2018Article
- Cadmium Exposure Impairs Cognition and Olfactory Memory in Male C57BL/6 Mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2018Article
- Prenatal cadmium exposure and preterm low birth weight in China.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2017Article
- Temporal variability of urinary cadmium in spot urine samples and first morning voids.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2017Article
- Dietary predictors of urinary cadmium among pregnant women and children.The Science of the total environment · 2017Article
- Is Urinary Cadmium a Biomarker of Long-term Exposure in Humans? A Review.Current environmental health reports · 2016Review
- Urinary heavy metals in Hispanics 40-85 years old in Doña Ana County, New Mexico.Archives of environmental & occupational health · 2016Article
- Cadmium levels in a representative sample of the Spanish adult population: The BIOAMBIENT.ES project.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2016Article
- Studies Need More than a Spot Sample: Variability of Urinary Metal Levels over Time.Environmental health perspectives · 2016Article
- Variability of Metal Levels in Spot, First Morning, and 24-Hour Urine Samples over a 3-Month Period in Healthy Adult Chinese Men.Environmental health perspectives · 2016Article
- Association of Geography and Ambient Air Pollution with Urine Metal Concentrations in Six US Cities: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Urinary Cd (U-Cd) concentration is considered a biomarker of long-term exposure.
objectivesOur objectives were to evaluate the within-person correlation among repeat samples and to identify predictors of U-Cd concentrations.
methodsU-Cd concentrations (micrograms per liter) were measured in 24-hr urine samples collected from 296 women enrolled in the California Teachers Study in 2000 and a second 24-hr sample collected 3-9 months later from 141 of the participants. Lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics were obtained via questionnaires. The Total Diet Study database was used to quantify dietary cadmium intake based on a food frequency questionnaire. We estimated environmental cadmium emissions near participants' residences using a geographic information system.
resultsThe geometric mean U-Cd concentration was 0.27 µg/L and the range was 0.1-3.6 µg/L. The intraclass correlation among repeat samples from an individual was 0.50. The use of a single 24-hr urine specimen to characterize Cd exposure in a case-control study would result in an observed odds ratio of 1.4 for a true odds ratio of 2.0. U-Cd concentration increased with creatinine, age, and lifetime pack-years of smoking among ever smokers or lifetime intensity-years of passive smoking among nonsmokers, whereas it decreased with greater alcohol consumption and number of previous pregnancies. These factors explained 42-44% of the variability in U-Cd concentrations.
conclusionU-Cd levels varied with several individual characteristics, and a single measurement of U-Cd in a 24-hr sample did not accurately reflect medium- to long-term body burden.
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