ArticleJAMA2013
Melatonin secretion and the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
Article in JAMA, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03848533 (Effect of the Administration of Melatonin and Metformin on Glycemic Control, Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity Markers in Patients With Prediabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 157 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of the Administration of Melatonin and Metformin on Glycemic Control, Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity Markers in Patients With Prediabetes: Pilot Study
Who cites it
157 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 362 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Melatonin Supplementation on Glycemic Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Pooled it
- Multidimensional sleep health and diabetic retinopathy: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Sleep medicine reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Social and circadian rhythm dysregulation and suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Melatonin for Atypical Antipsychotic-Induced Metabolic Adverse Effects: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.BioMed research international · 2018Pooled it
- Sleep behaviours and associated habits and the progression of pre-diabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetes & vascular disease researchPooled it
- Blue Light Exposure During Sleep in Type 1 Diabetes: Impacts on Glycemic Control and Psychosocial Health.Journal of sleep research · 2026Trial
- Effects of a violet-excitation light-emitting diode on melatonin secretion and sleepiness: preliminary findings from a randomized controlled trial.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Trial
- Three months of melatonin treatment reduces insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes-A randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial.Journal of pineal research · 2022Trial
- Interplay of Dinner Timing and MTNR1B Type 2 Diabetes Risk Variant on Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Secretion: A Randomized Crossover Trial.Diabetes care · 2022Trial
- Effects of Cataract Surgery on Melatonin Secretion in Adults 60 Years and Older: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA ophthalmology · 2020Trial
- Melatonin Pathway and Atenolol-Related Glucose Dysregulation: Is There a Correlation?Clinical and translational science · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Melatonin in Pregnancy-Related Disorders: A Review of Protective Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Review
- Chronic Light-Induced Desynchronosis as a Model of Accelerated Metabolic Aging in Rats: Prevention and Correction by Exogenous Melatonin.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Effect of Melatonin as an Adjunct to NSPT on Periodontal and Systemic Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Nocturnal melatonin secretion and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- The Role of Circadian Rhythm Dysregulation, Abnormal Sleep Patterns, and Sleep Disorders on the Development of Diabetes.Clocks & sleep · 2026Review
- A newly developed circadian imbalance index (CII) and risk of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic disease in the UK biobank.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Association between weekend catch-up sleep and Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in US adults.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Circadian rhythms of gut microbiota modulate nocturnal hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a comprehensive review on mechanisms and chrono-targeted interventions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
importanceLoss-of-function mutations in the melatonin receptor are associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, in a cross-sectional analysis of persons without diabetes, lower nocturnal melatonin secretion was associated with increased insulin resistance.
objectiveTo study the association between melatonin secretion and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND
participantsCase-control study nested within the Nurses' Health Study cohort. Among participants without diabetes who provided urine and blood samples at baseline in 2000, we identified 370 women who developed type 2 diabetes from 2000-2012 and matched 370 controls using risk-set sampling.
main outcome measuresAssociations between melatonin secretion at baseline and incidence of type 2 diabetes were evaluated with multivariable conditional logistic regression controlling for demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, measures of sleep quality, and biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.
resultsThe median urinary ratios of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin to creatinine were 28.2 ng/mg (5%-95% range, 5.5-84.2 ng/mg) among cases and 36.3 ng/mg (5%-95% range, 6.9-110.8 ng/mg) among controls. Women with lower ratios of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin to creatinine had increased risk of diabetes (multivariable odds ratio, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.11-1.98] per unit decrease in the estimated log ratio of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin to creatinine). Compared with women in the highest ratio category of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin to creatinine, those in the lowest category had a multivariable odds ratio of 2.17 (95% CI, 1.18-3.98) of developing type 2 diabetes. Women in the highest category of melatonin secretion had an estimated diabetes incidence rate of 4.27 cases/1000 person-years compared with 9.27 cases/1000 person-years in the lowest category. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Lower melatonin secretion was independently associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Further research is warranted to assess if melatonin secretion is a modifiable risk factor for diabetes within the general population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.