ArticleNeurology2013
Predicting cognitive decline: a dementia risk score vs. the Framingham vascular risk scores.
Article in Neurology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Umbrella review and Delphi study on modifiable factors for dementia risk reduction.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Pooled it
- Multi-domain prognostic models used in middle-aged adults without known cognitive impairment for predicting subsequent dementia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Cardiovascular disease risk models and dementia or cognitive decline: a systematic review.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Does protracted radon exposure play a role in the development of dementia?Environmental research · 2022Pooled it
- Use of the RBANS to Evaluate Cognition in Patients with Schizophrenia and Metabolic Syndrome: a Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2022Pooled it
- The Relationship of Coronary Artery Calcium and Clinical Coronary Artery Disease with Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2020Pooled it
- Combining modifiable risk factors and risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2019Pooled it
- Cardiovascular disease risk models and longitudinal changes in cognition: a systematic review.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Change in CAIDE Dementia Risk Score and Neuroimaging Biomarkers During a 2-Year Multidomain Lifestyle Randomized Controlled Trial: Results of a Post-Hoc Subgroup Analysis.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2021Trial
- Midlife depressive symptoms, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and obesity modify the association of long-term vascular risk factor variability from childhood with midlife cognitive function: The Bogalusa Heart Study.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Article
- Association of Long-Term Vascular Risk Factor Variability from Childhood and Midlife Cognitive Function: The Bogalusa Heart Study.Research square · 2026Article
- Article
- Prediction of Episodic Memory With Multiomics Scores.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular risk and cognitive performance: A population-based cross-sectional study (NEDICES2-RISK).PloS one · 2026Article
- Dementia risk prediction: A comparative analysis of the ANU-ADRI, CAIDE, CogDrisk, LIBRA, and LIBRA2 indices in the HUNT study.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
- Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and cognitive function before middle age in a U.S. representative population-based study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Comment on "Predicting cognitive function and dementia risk in patients with hypertension".Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025Article
- Enhancing dementia prediction: A 19-year validation of the CAIDE risk score with insulin resistance and APOE ε4 integration in a population-based cohort.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
- There Is No Direct Causal Relationship Between Coronary Artery Disease and Alzheimer Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Associations of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors with cognitive functions - a prospective, population-based, 17 years follow-up study of 3,229 individuals.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveOur aim was to compare 2 Framingham vascular risk scores with a dementia risk score in relation to 10-year cognitive decline in late middle age.
methodsParticipants were men and women with mean age of 55.6 years at baseline, from the Whitehall II study, a longitudinal British cohort study. We compared the Framingham general cardiovascular disease risk score and the Framingham stroke risk score with the cardiovascular risk factors, aging and dementia (CAIDE) risk score that uses risk factors in midlife to estimate risk of late-life dementia. Cognitive tests included reasoning, memory, verbal fluency, vocabulary, and global cognition, assessed 3 times over 10 years.
resultsHigher cardiovascular disease risk and higher stroke risk were associated with greater cognitive decline in all tests except memory; higher dementia risk was associated with greater decline in reasoning, vocabulary, and global cognitive scores. Compared with the dementia risk score, cardiovascular and stroke risk scores showed slightly stronger associations with 10-year cognitive decline; these differences were statistically significant for semantic fluency and global cognitive scores. For example, cardiovascular disease risk was associated with -0.06 SD (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.08, -0.05) decline in the global cognitive scores over 10 years whereas dementia risk was associated with -0.03 SD (95% CI = -0.04, -0.01) decline (difference in β coefficients = 0.03; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.05).
conclusionsThe CAIDE dementia and Framingham risk scores predict cognitive decline in late middle age but the Framingham risk scores may have an advantage over the dementia risk score for use in primary prevention for assessing risk of cognitive decline and targeting of modifiable risk factors.
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