ArticleHypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)2013
Proximal tubule angiotensin AT2 receptors mediate an anti-inflammatory response via interleukin-10: role in renoprotection in obese rats.
Article in Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protective Arm of Renin-Angiotensin System: Evidence of Nephroprotective Effects Against Acute Kidney Injury.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- AT2R activation reduces M1-type macrophages and promotes tregs accumulation in ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Renin-Angiotensin System Autoantibody Network in Parkinson's Disease Patients.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Serum angiotensin type-1 receptor autoantibodies and neurofilament light chain as markers of neuroaxonal damage in post-COVID patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Macrophage angiotensin ATAmerican journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2023Article
- Angiotensin II type 2 receptor activation preserves megalin in the kidney and prevents proteinuria in high salt diet fed rats.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- The Novel AT2 Receptor Agonist β-Pro7-AngIII Exerts Cardiac and Renal Anti-Fibrotic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in High Salt-Fed Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The Angiotensin ATPharmacological reviews · 2022Review
- Angiotensin II type-2-receptor stimulation ameliorates focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in mice.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2022Article
- Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor: A Target for Protection Against Hypertension, Metabolic Dysfunction, and Organ Remodeling.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2021Review
- Angiotensin type 2 receptor activation limits kidney injury during the early phase and induces Treg cells during the late phase of renal ischemia.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2021Article
- Review
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and kidney diseases in the era of coronavirus disease 2019.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2021Review
- Immunity and Hypertension.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2021Review
- Angiotensin AT2 Receptor is Anti-inflammatory and Reno-Protective in Lipopolysaccharide Mice Model: Role of IL-10.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Review
- Counter-regulatory renin-angiotensin system in cardiovascular disease.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2020Review
- IL-10 from dendritic cells but not from T regulatory cells protects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.PloS one · 2020Article
- Emerging Role of Angiotensin AT2 Receptor in Anti-Inflammation: An Update.Current pharmaceutical design · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) has been shown to lower inflammation in the kidney. However, the role of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 in AT2R-mediated attenuation of inflammation has not been elucidated. We hypothesized that AT2R activation is renoprotective by directly increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the kidney via nitric oxide (NO) signaling. For in vitro studies, the human proximal tubule epithelial cell-line (human kidney-2 [HK-2]) was activated with lipopolysaccharide (10 μg/mL) and AT2R agonist C21 (1 μmol/L) for 24 hours, and media cytokine levels were assessed. Lipopolysaccharide modestly downregulated AT2R expression. Treatment with C21 lowered lipopolysaccharide-induced levels of both tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6, but increased IL-10 levels. Treatment with neutralizing IL-10 antibody (1 μg/mL) or NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (1 mmol/L) abolished this effect. For in vivo studies, prehypertensive obese Zucker rats and age-matched lean Zucker rats were treated for 2 weeks with C21 (300 μg/kg per day, IP) and AT2R antagonist (PD123319; 50 μg/kg per minute, SC infusion). Compared with lean Zucker rats, obese Zucker rats had higher levels of renal AT2R expression, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6. C21 treatment decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α by 75% and IL-6 by 60%. Conversely, PD treatment lowered the renal IL-10 levels in obese Zucker rats by ≈60%. Renal morphometry revealed increased mesangial matrix expansion and glomerular macrophage infiltration, which was improved by C21 treatment in obese Zucker rats. Our findings suggest that proximal tubule AT2R activation is anti-inflammatory by increasing IL-10 production, which is largely NO dependent and thus offers renoprotection by preventing early inflammation-induced renal injury in obesity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.