ArticleMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2013
Oncolytic adenovirus with temozolomide induces autophagy and antitumor immune responses in cancer patients.
Article in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers.
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Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunological data from cancer patients treated with Ad5/3-E2F-Δ24-GMCSF suggests utility for tumor immunotherapy.Oncotarget · 2015Trial
- The Role of Autophagy in Cancer Evolution and Prognosis, Highlighting Its Role in PCa and Its Interaction with Apoptosis and Epigenetic Regulation by miRNAs.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Emerging Oncolytic Viruses: Beyond Adenoviruses and Herpes Simplex Virus.Journal of Cancer · 2026Review
- Advances in cancer immunotherapy: historical perspectives, current developments, and future directions.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- The inducible role of autophagy in cell death: emerging evidence and future perspectives.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Autophagy in tumor immune escape and immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- The Extra-Tumoral Vaccine Effects of Apoptotic Bodies in the Advancement of Cancer Treatment.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Review
- Safety, Efficacy, and Biological Data of T-Cell-Enabling Oncolytic Adenovirus TILT-123 in Advanced Solid Cancers from the TUNIMO Monotherapy Phase I Trial.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Article
- Review
- Oncolytic Adenovirus Armed with a Novel Agonist of the CD137 Immune Checkpoint Stimulator Suppresses Tumor Growth.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Metronomic chemotherapy in cancer treatment: new wine in an old bottle.Theranostics · 2024Review
- Optimizing cancer therapy: a review of the multifaceted effects of metronomic chemotherapy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- A new strategy for treating colorectal cancer: Regulating the influence of intestinal flora and oncolytic virus on interferon.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2023Review
- Interferon-expressing oncolytic adenovirus + chemoradiation inhibited pancreatic cancer growth in a hamster model.Cancer science · 2023Article
- The role of viruses in cancer development versus cancer therapy: An oncological perspective.Cancer medicine · 2023Review
- Metronomic Chemotherapy: Anti-Tumor Pathways and Combination with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Cancers · 2023Review
- Mesenchymal stem cell-released oncolytic virus: an innovative strategy for cancer treatment.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- Oncolytic viruses-modulated immunogenic cell death, apoptosis and autophagy linking to virotherapy and cancer immune response.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Brain co-delivery of first-line chemotherapy drug and epigenetic bromodomain inhibitor for multidimensional enhanced synergistic glioblastoma therapy.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2022Article
- Immunology Meets Bioengineering: Improving the Effectiveness of Glioblastoma Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2022Review
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses and certain chemotherapeutics can induce autophagy and immunogenic cancer cell death. We hypothesized that the combination of oncolytic adenovirus with low-dose temozolomide (TMZ) is safe, effective, and capable of inducing antitumor immune responses. Metronomic low-dose cyclophosphamide (CP) was added to selectively reduce regulatory T-cells. Preclinically, combination therapy inhibited tumor growth, increased autophagy, and triggered immunogenic cell death as indicated by elevated calreticulin, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release, and nuclear protein high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) secretion. A total of 41 combination treatments given to 17 chemotherapy-refractory cancer patients were well tolerated. We observed anti- and proinflammatory cytokine release, evidence of virus replication, and induction of neutralizing antibodies. Tumor cells showed increased autophagy post-treatment. Release of HMGB1 into serum--a possible indicator of immune response--increased in 60% of treatments, and seemed to correlate with tumor-specific T-cell responses, observed in 10/15 cases overall (P = 0.0833). Evidence of antitumor efficacy was seen in 67% of evaluable treatments with a trend for increased survival over matched controls treated with virus only. In summary, the combination of oncolytic adenovirus with low-dose TMZ and metronomic CP increased tumor cell autophagy, elicited antitumor immune responses, and showed promising safety and efficacy.
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