Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23545598›Full record

Trial reportJAMA internal medicine2013

The Mental Activity and eXercise (MAX) trial: a randomized controlled trial to enhance cognitive function in older adults.

Deborah E Barnes, Wendy Santos-Modesitt, Gina Poelke, Arthur F Kramer, Cynthia Castro, Laura E Middleton, Kristine Yaffe

4 registry-linked trialsAbstract readComparative StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in JAMA internal medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 173 papers, 25 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
173citing papers in PubMed, 25 pooled it
18.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00522899 nacompletednot on this map

The Effects of Mental Activity and Exercise on Cognitive Function in Older Adults Who Self-Report a Recent Decline in Memory or Thinking

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, San FranciscoRan2007 to 2011Enrolled126ConditionsCognitive ImpairmentArmsGroup 1, Group 2, Group 3, Group 4
NCT02433691 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2015, after this paper: background citation

Simultaneous Aerobic Exercise and Memory Training in Older Adults With Subjective Memory Complaints

TypeinterventionalSponsorDavid Merrill, MD, PhDRan2015 to 2017Enrolled60ConditionsMemory ImpairmentArmssimultaneous aerobic exercise, sequential aerobic exercise, stretching and toning
NCT02788851 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation

The Relative Efficacy of Aerobic Exercise in the Treatment of Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Versus Medication Only and the Combination of the Two: A Pilot Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorMcGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health CentreRan2016 to 2018Enrolled70ConditionsAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)ArmsMethylphenidate compounds and /or Amphetamine compounds and/or Strattera or Guanfacine, Aerobic Exercise
NCT04959383 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Exergame Balance Training for Pre Frontal Brain Activity and Executive Functioning in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment

TypeinterventionalSponsorRiphah International UniversityRan2021 to 2022Enrolled90ConditionsMild Cognitive ImpairmentArmsLow complexity Exergaming group, Moderate complexity Exergaming group, High complexity Exergaming group, Control Group
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

173 citing papers in PubMed, 25 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 364 citations in OpenAlex.

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  17. A Systematic Review for Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Cognitive Reserve Across the Cognitive Aging Spectrum.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2018
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  20. Exercise for Cognitive Symptoms in Depression: A Systematic Review of Interventional Studies.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2018
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113 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Deborah E BarnesDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA. deborah.barnes@ucsf.edu
Wendy Santos-Modesitt
Gina Poelke
Arthur F Kramer
Cynthia Castro
Laura E Middleton
Kristine Yaffe
University of California, San Francisco · USSan Francisco VA Medical Center · USStanford University · USUniversity of Waterloo · CA

Funding

CTSA: K12 COMPONENTKL2RR024130 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI JOHNSTON, S. CLAIBORNE · 2006 to 2011
$19.3M
Physical Activity and Cognitive Decline in the ElderlyK01AG024069 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI BARNES, DEBORAH E. · 2005 to 2009
$550k
NCRR NIH HHS KL2 RR024130NIA NIH HHS K01 AG024069NIA NIH HHS K01-AG024069
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

importanceThe prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia are projected to rise dramatically during the next 40 years, and strategies for maintaining cognitive function with age are critically needed. Physical or mental activity alone result in relatively small, domain-specific improvements in cognitive function in older adults; combined interventions may have more global effects.

objectiveTo examine the combined effects of physical plus mental activity on cognitive function in older adults.

designRandomized controlled trial with a factorial design.

settingSan Francisco, California.

participantsA total of 126 inactive, community-residing older adults with cognitive complaints.

interventionsAll participants engaged in home-based mental activity (1 h/d, 3 d/wk) plus class-based physical activity (1 h/d, 3 d/wk) for 12 weeks and were randomized to either mental activity intervention (MA-I; intensive computer) or mental activity control (MA-C; educational DVDs) plus exercise intervention (EX-I; aerobic) or exercise control (EX-C; stretching and toning); a 2 × 2 factorial design was used so that there were 4 groups: MA-I/EX-I, MA-I/EX-C, MA-C/EX-1, and MA-C/EX-C.

main outcome measuresGlobal cognitive change based on a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery.

resultsParticipants had a mean age of 73.4 years; 62.7% were women, and 34.9% were Hispanic or nonwhite. There were no significant differences between the groups at baseline. Global cognitive scores improved significantly over time (mean, 0.16 SD; P < .001) but did not differ between groups in the comparison between MA-I and MA-C (ignoring exercise, P = .17), the comparison between EX-I and EX-C (ignoring mental activity, P = .74), or across all 4 randomization groups (P = .26). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In inactive older adults with cognitive complaints, 12 weeks of physical plus mental activity was associated with significant improvements in global cognitive function with no evidence of difference between intervention and active control groups. These findings may reflect practice effects or may suggest that the amount of activity is more important than the type in this subject population.

trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00522899.

Indexed as

CognitionExerciseHealth PromotionMental ProcessesAgedAged, 80 and overCognitive DysfunctionDementiaFemaleHumansIndependent LivingLearningMaleNeuropsychological TestsPhysical FitnessPrevalence

Identifiers

PMID23545598
PMCPMC5921904
OpenAlexW2144051538

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.