ArticlePloS one2013
Influence of T-2 and HT-2 toxin on the blood-brain barrier in vitro: new experimental hints for neurotoxic effects.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Betulinic Acid Ameliorates T-2 Toxin-Induced Neuroinflammation by Suppressing Oxidative Stress via Regulating Nrf2/NLRP3 Axis.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- T-2 Toxin Neurotoxicity: Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Chemoprotective Strategies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Mechanistic Interplay of Gut Microbiota and Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Apoptotic Effect of Combinations of T-2, HT-2, and Diacetoxyscirpenol on Human Jurkat T Cells.Toxins · 2025Article
- The Potential Influence of the Presence of Mycotoxins in Human Follicular Fluid on Reproductive Outcomes.Toxins · 2024Article
- Article
- Review of neurotoxicity of T-2 toxin.Mycotoxin research · 2024Review
- Investigation of the effects of T-2 toxin in chicken-derived three-dimensional hepatic cell cultures.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Traditional and emergingAnimal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2023Article
- Article
- T-2 Toxin Induces Apoptotic Cell Death and Protective Autophagy in Mouse Microglia BV2 Cells.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Neuroimmune disruptions from naturally occurring levels of mycotoxins.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Review
- Article
- Article
- Quercetin mitigates the deoxynivalenol mycotoxin induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells by modulating the oxidative stress mediators.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2021Article
- Quality of Dietary Supplements Containing Plant-Derived Ingredients Reconsidered by Microbiological Approach.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- Article
- Endocrine Disruptors Induced Distinct Expression of Thyroid and Estrogen Receptors in Rat versus Mouse Primary Cerebellar Cell Cultures.Brain sciences · 2019Article
- Comparative Analysis of Zearalenone Effects on Thyroid Receptor Alpha (TRα) and Beta (TRβ) Expression in Rat Primary Cerebellar Cell Cultures.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The trichothecene mycotoxin T-2 toxin is a common contaminant of food and feed and is also present in processed cereal derived products. Cytotoxic effects of T-2 toxin and its main metabolite HT-2 toxin are already well described with apoptosis being a major mechanism of action. However, effects on the central nervous system were until now only reported rarely. In this study we investigated the effects of T-2 and HT-2 toxin on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vitro. Besides strong cytotoxic effects on the BBB as determined by the CCK-8 assay, impairment of the barrier function starting at low nanomolar concentrations were observed for T-2 toxin. HT-2 toxin, however, caused barrier disruption at higher concentrations compared to T-2 toxin. Further, the influence on the tight junction protein occludin was studied and permeability of both toxins across the BBB was detected when applied from the apical (blood) or the basolateral (brain) side respectively. These results clearly indicate the ability of both toxins to enter the brain via the BBB.
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